Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

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Chapter 7Confederation and Constitution
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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• During the War for Independence, the colonies
  were governed by the Continental Congress and
  ___________assemblies.
• _________________ a loose association or league
  of states

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• Organization and Achievements of Confederation
• Articles of Confederation, drafted in __________
• developed by ______________of Delaware
• had ________ governing body and a congress
  elected yearly
• emphasized the _____________over a strong central
  government

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• Adoption of the Articles of Confederation
• The Articles needed to be ____________ (given
  formal approval) by each state.
• ________________was the greatest contention among
  the states.
• VA and MD were slow to ratify.

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• 2 main reasons some states objected to the
  Congress taking over the lands
• The states with ______________ land claims did
  not want to them up.
• Influential land speculators were upset that they
  would not be able to make __________by reselling
  the land.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• Compromise
• Congress was given control of the western lands
  and made them __________________.
• Each state obtained an _____________vote in
  congress.

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• Political Power under the Articles
• No power to ________
• Could raise maintain an _______
• Declare _________
• Make treaties with foreign countries
• Manage __________ affairs
• Est. a _________system
• Borrow coin money

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• Congress based tax assessments in the slave
  states on the value of improved lands rather than
  population.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• ___________ powers
• Controlled foreign and domestic trade
• Ability to tax
• Deal directly with foreign countries
• Declare war

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• The states agreed to cooperate in certain issues.
• Each state would respect the others
• birth, marriage, death certificates, wills
• They would _________ criminals runaway slaves
  who crossed state lines.
• They would settle disputes through
  ________________ (3rd party)

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• Articles of Confederation
• Laws could be passed when ____ of 13 states
  approved them.
• The Articles themselves could be changed only
  with __________ consent of the states

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• Lasting Achievements
• The most important legislation passed by the
  Confederation Congress dealt with the
  ______________lands.
• Both pieces of legislation were written by
  __________________.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• The __________________________
• Northwest Territory- area bounded on the east by
  the original 13 colonies, on the west by the MS
  River, on the north by the Great Lakes, on the
  south by the Ohio River
• provided for ____________ and selling the western
  lands
• The ordinance divided the land into areas of 6
  square miles called ___________________.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• The Northwest Ordinance of 1785
• Each township was subdivided into 36 smaller
  parcels (1 sq. mile) called _______________.
• Sections contained ______ acres.
• The _______ section was set aside for education

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• The Northwest Ordinance of 1785
• Has had a lasting effect on America
• Farms roads were laid out in straight lines
  right angles (still visible today in _________
  Plains states)

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• p. 108

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• The _______________________________
• provided government for these large tracts of
  western lands
• structure a governor, three judges, and a
  secretary (all appointed by Congress)

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 106-109

• The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
• __________ citizens population with which the
  region could elect its own legislature
• ______________ citizens population with which
  the region could apply for statehood (write
  constitution)
• Guaranteed freedom of religion forbade
  ____________ in the Northwest Territory
• The _____________ River became the dividing line
  between slave free states.

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• The ______________ Record
• Is the official record proceedings in sessions
  of Congress.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Unfortunately, the Confederation Congress failed
  in several areas. These failures, which became
  obvious right away, highlighted the many
  weaknesses of the ________________________________
  _____________.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Administrative Weaknesses
• inability to _________ its laws
• No ____________or legislative branch to enforce
  or interpret the laws
• ____________weaknesses
• couldnt tax
• lacked power to regulate trade
• didnt have the sole authority to coin money

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Problems with _____________
• still controlled western forts
• stopped American ships
• Problems with _____________ and the Netherlands
• unable to repay loans

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Problems with _____________
• Still held land in N. America, wary of American
  westward expansion
• Convinced local _____________ that Americans
  would deprive them of their lands urged raids
  on settlements
• ____________________ ability to stockpile goods
  while awaiting export

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Problems with Spain
• Dispute over use of ports on the lower MS River
  (_____________________)
• Right of deposit ability to stockpile goods
  while awaiting export
• Spain denied Americans this privilege
• Congress appointed _______________of working out
  the problem, paid high tariffs
• Spain disputed the southern boundary, Americans
  drew it at the _____parallel (settled with the
  Pinckney Treaty)

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Discontent at Home
• Massachusetts Assembly pledged to repay war
  debts, in turn had to levy heavy taxes on the
  states citizens.
• Crop prices are low, heavy tax burden for farmers
  
• ____________________(veteran of the Continental
  Army) led an armed mob to destroy court
  records(Shayss Rebellion)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vZEoeK5MvEdYlistWL
  Irmyv-y6Ftyxm5FL2LjHAhmtNjaqyvnr

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• _________________________(1787)
• Daniel Shays (veteran of the Continental Army)
  led an armed mob (1200) to destroy court records
• Marched his men toward Springfield, were a
  federal arsenal was located.
• 1 volley dispersed the rebels, killing 4
• Result pointed out the ______________ of the
  Confederation

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Preparation for Change
• __________________ Convention, 1786
• 5 states present
• purpose help resolve disputes between the states
• Called for a convention of states in
  ___________________

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Philadelphia Convention,1787 (____________________
  _ Convention)
• Independence Hall, Philadelphia
• Only ___ delegates, 12 states
• purpose revise the Articles of Confederation,
  create a national government strong enough to
  govern the country

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Philadelphia Convention,1787
• chairman ____________________
• decided to abandon the Articles and create a new
  government
• Discussions kept secret from the public

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Men Who Brought Change
• ____________________
• Americas first political scientist
• Father of the Constitution
• __________________- led the NY delegation
• __________________- oldest delegate present (82)

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 110-114

• Men Who Brought Change
• Not present
• Thomas Jefferson- minister to _______
• John Adams- minister to _______________
• JULY 4, 1826???

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• The purpose of the Constitutional Convention was
  NOT to write the ______________________.
• Originally, it was to change the Articles of
  Confederation, but the men realized they needed a
  new plan of government.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• _________________ a document that describes how
  a government is to work and gives its basic laws

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• Points of Agreement
• needed a __________ central government
• needed to be a _____________
• Elected representatives govern the __________
• Representatives and government limited by
  _______________

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• Points of Agreement
• No one _______________ should become too powerful
• Rights properties of individuals should be
  ______________

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• ________________

• _________________

• Rule by the people directly
• Based on what the majority wants
• Can lead to mob rule
• Today there is a shift to democracy.

• Actually a democratic republic
• The people (democratic) elect their
  representatives (republic).
• Rules can be changed only by changing the
  Constitution.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• ______________________________
• level of power held by central government
• possibility of some states becoming too powerful
• slavery and commerce

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• The ________ Compromise
• ______________ Plan (Large State Plan)
• would have two legislative houses, both based on
  population
• ________________ Plan (Small State Plan)
• called for one legislative body with equal
  representation

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• Great Compromise (________________ Compromise)
• proposed by ________________
• called for two legislative houses (bicameral)
  one with equal representation, the other based on
  population
• ___________________________
• _____________ (2 senators per state)

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• Every _____ years the federal government would
  determine the population of the states by taking
  a census.
• __________- count of the population

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• The ___________ Compromise
• _________ wanted tariffs to protect their
  industries
• _________ opposed tariffs to protect their
  exports
• Made the U.S. less dependent on foreign trade

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• The _______________ Compromise
• dilemma How should congress count the slave
  population?
• solution counted each slave as three-fifths of
  a person

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• The Three-Fifths Compromise
• Included a promise that for ________ years
  Congress would make no laws interfering with
  slavery.
• Many people believed slavery was becoming less
  profitable, thought it would die out.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• ________________
• government powers are limited by law
• Leaders cannot change their own powers according
  to their desires
• A law is only good if it agrees with what God
  says.
• _________________________ divides the powers of
  government among the three branches

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 114-120

• ________________________
• designed to prevent the three branches from
  exceeding their powers
• ________________- led by the President, enforces
  laws
• ________________- interprets laws
• ________________ - makes laws
• A __________ System divided the power between
  the national government and the states

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 121-122

• Instead of amending the Articles of
  Confederation, the men at the Constitutional
  Convention had drawn up an entirely new plan for
  the United States. It was nearly impossible to
  know how the states would receive it.

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• Ratifying the Constitution
• ______________________
• 3 delegates refused to sign it because they
  wanted a ___________________ added first. (George
  Mason, Edmund Randolph, Elbridge Gerry)
• A Bill of Rights would guarantee __________
  _____________rights freedoms to citizens.

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 121-122

• Ratifying the Constitution
• _____________ favored the adoption of the
  Constitution

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 121-122

• The _____________ Papers
• written by ______________________________________,
  John Jay, and James Madison
• Collection of essays
• Persuaded their states to ratify the Constitution

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 121-122

• ___________________
• worked against ratification of the Constitution
• opposed a strong central government
• desired a Bill of Rights
• ratification needed _______ states to approve

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• _____________________
• system to elect the President
• ______________________- 1st President
• ______________________- 1st Vice-President

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• ________________________
• Went into effect on December 15, 1791
• 1st ________amendments to the Constitution
• ________ amendment- grants freedom of religion,
  assembly, press, speech, and petition

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• The Constitution
• The _____________law of the land
• More than ______ years old
• Longest used constitution in the world
• _______________- 1st paragraph of Constitution.
  We the People

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• Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

• pp. 121-122

• Reasons for Its Success
• - ________ principles
• ______________
• ______________

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• _______________________
• National motto suggested by Benjamin Franklin
• Out of Many, One.