Verbals

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Verbals

• Bad, bad verbs
• Verbs that act like another part of speech
• Gerunds
• Participles
• Infinitives

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Gerunds

• 1. A geruNd is a verbal ending in -ing that is
  used as a Noun.
• 2. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus
  modifier(s), object(s), and/or complement(s).
• 3. Gerunds and gerund phrases virtually never
  require punctuation.

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Examples of Gerunds

• Gerund as subject
• Traveling might satisfy your desire for new
  experiences.
• Running is a great exercise.

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• Gerund as direct object
• They do not appreciate my singing.
• Francis enjoys swimming.

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• Gerund as subject complement
• My cat's favorite activity is sleeping.
• Toms best sport is running.

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• Gerund as object of preposition
• The police arrested him for speeding.

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Participles

• 1. A pArticiple is a verbal ending in -ing
  (present) or -ed (past) that functions as an
  Adjective.
• 2. A participial phrase consists of a participle
  plus modifier(s), object(s), and/or
  complement(s).
• 3. Participles and participial phrases must be
  placed as close to the nouns or pronouns they
  modify as possible.

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Examples of Participles

• He ate a boiled egg for breakfast.
• I like to see smiling faces.
• A raging snowstorm struck the city.
• Disturbed, she consulted her doctor about the
  symptoms.
• The police shined the glaring light on the
  robber.

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Be careful of dangling participles.

• In order to prevent confusion, a participial
  phrase must be placed as close to the noun it
  modifies as possible, and the noun must be
  clearly stated.
• ? Carrying a heavy pile of books, his foot caught
  on a step.
• ? Carrying a heavy pile of books, he caught his
  foot on a step.

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More Dangling Participles

• After rotting in the cellar for weeks, my brother
  brought out some shriveled potatoes.
• After running five red lights, the police officer
  stopped the speeding motorist.After sitting in
  the freezer for three hours, my mother served the
  ice cream cake roll.Riding to the soccer field,
  a pothole nearly wrecked my bike.After being
  thoroughly beaten, the chef cooked the eggs. 
• Rushing from the restaurant, the crystal sugar
  bowl fell out of her pocket.

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• After sitting in the freezer for three hours, my
  mother served the ice cream cake roll.
• After being thoroughly beaten, the chef cooked
  the eggs. 
• Rushing from the restaurant, the crystal sugar
  bowl fell out of her pocket.

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Infinitives

• to verb infinitive
• Important Note Because an infinitive is not a
  verb, you cannot add s, es, ed, or ing to the
  end. Ever!
• Infinitives can be used as nouns, adjectives, or
  adverbs.

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Infinitives as nouns

• To study English is very difficult for me.

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Infinitives as Adjectives

• We have five questions to answer.

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Infinitives used as adverbs

• The man came to confess.

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To split or not to split?

• The general rule is that no word should separate
  the to of an infinitive from the simple form of
  the verb that follows. If a word does come
  between these two components, a split infinitive
  results. Look at the example that follows

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NO Sara hopes to quickly finish her chemistry homework so that she can return to the more interesting Stephen King novel she had to abandon.
YES Sara hopes to finish her chemistry homework quickly so that she can return to the more interesting Stephen King novel she had to abandon.
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Your assignment

• Create 10 sentences using verbals. Each verbal
  must be represented. Underline and label verbals.