Quantitative Methods Final Project

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Quantitative Methods Final Project
Part I El Nino and Speleothems Part II
Directional Data Analysis of Lineaments in Tucker
County, West Virginia
Laura Burnette
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Part I El Nino and Speleothems
Speleothems as paleoclimate indicators
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Data

• Carbon isotope data from Actun Tunichil Muknal
  cave in Belize collected by Frappier, et al.
  (2002)
• 2. Calculated monthly Southern Oscillation Index
  data
• 3. Reconstructed Annual Southern Oscillation
  Index data

4. Speleothem data - collected by Polyak and
Asmerom (2001) - represents annual band data for
stalagmite BC2, Bat Cave passage of Carlsbad
Cavern, Carlsbad Caverns National Park, New
Mexico
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Visual Inspection of Correlation
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Fourier Analysis of Monthly Calculated SOI
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Fourier Analysis of Annual Reconstructed SOI
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Bandpass filtering of annual reconstructed SOI
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Fourier Analysis of Carbon Isotope Data
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Fourier Analysis of Speleothem Band Thickness Data
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Shared Periodic Components
Dataset Periods (in years)
 
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Part II Directional Data Analysis of Lineaments
in Tucker County, West Virginia
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Number of cave entrances within specified
distance from the nearest lineament
   
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Statistics for Directional Data

• Rose diagrams may be misleading
• Tests for randomness
• Tests for equality of two samples
• Assumption Von Mises distributions
• Non-parametric test for equality of two
  samples Uniform scores test

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Finding the azimuths of the lineaments
Step 1 ArcINFO UNGENERATE command Step 2
Trigonometry
Landsat lineaments
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Lineaments digitized from Landsat and PCA
Figure 12 Rose diagram of the orientations of
lineaments digitized from Landsat image of Tucker
County.
Figure 13 Rose diagram showing orientation of
lineaments digitized from PCA image of Tucker
County.
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Lineaments digitized from hillshades
 
Figure 15 Rose diagram showing orientation of
lineaments digitized from hillshade of the Mozark
Mountain quadrangle with a sun azimuth of 225
degrees.
Figure 16 Rose diagram showing orientations of
lineaments digitized from hillshade of the Mozark
Mountain quadrangle with a sun azimuth of 315
degrees.
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Test for Randomness
Landsat lineaments
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Results of the test for Randomness

• At an alpha level of .05,
• Landsat lineaments are not random
• PCA lineaments are random
• Both sets of hillshade lineaments are not random

Figure 13 Rose diagram showing orientation of
lineaments digitized from PCA image of Tucker
County.
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Uniform Scores Test
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Results of Uniform Scores Test

• The Landsat lineaments and PCA lineaments are
  statistically different.
• The two sets of hillshade lineaments are
  statistically different.

PCA
Landsat
Sun azimuth 225
Sun azimuth 315
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References Allan, R.J., J. Lindesay and D.
Parker. 1996. El Nino/Southern Oscillation
Climatic Variability. CSIRO Publishing. 408
pp.   Allan, R.J., Nicholls, N., Jones, P.D. and
Butterworth, I.J., 1991 A further extension of
the Tahiti-Darwin SOI, early SOI results and
Darwin pressure. J. Climate 4, 743-749.   Cook,
E.R. 1985. A Time Series Approach to Tree Ring
Standardization. PhD dissertation. Tucson, AZ
U. of Arizona. 171 p. University Microfilms
International, 300 N. Zeeb Rd, Ann Arbor, MI
48106  Davis, J.C., 2002. Statistics and Data
Analysis in Geology, John Wiley Sons, New York,
New York.  Frappier, A., D. Sahagian, L.A.
Gonzalez, and S.J. Carpenter, 2002, El Nino
Events Recorded by Stalagmite Carbon Isotopes,
Science 298 (5593), pp.565, 18 October 2002.  
Können, G.P., Jones, P.D., Kaltofen, M.H. and
Allan, R.J., 1998. Pre-1866 extensions of the
Southern Oscillation Index using early Indonesian
and Tahitian meteorological readings. J. Climate
11, 2325-2339.   Lattman, L., 1958. Technique
of mapping geologic fracture traces and
lineaments on aerial photographs, Photogrammetric
Engineering, 24(4) 569-576.  Mardia, K.V., 2000.
Directional Statistics. John Wiley Sons,
Chichester, West Sussex, England. NOAA/National
Weather Service, The El Nino/La Nina Cycle
(Tutorial), National Weather Service Climate
Prediction Center, www.nws.noaa.gov.  Polyak,
V.J. and Asmerom, Y. 2001 Late Holocene Climate
and Cultural Changes in the Southwestern United
States, Science 294 148-151.   Ropelewski, C.F.
and Jones, P.D., 1987 An extension of the
Tahiti-Darwin Southern Oscillation Index.
Monthly Weather Review 115, 2161-2165.   Stahle,
D.W., R.D. D'Arrigo, P.J. Krusic, M.K.
Cleaveland, E.R. Cook, R.J. Allan, J.E. Cole,
R.B. Dunbar, M.D. Therrell, D.A. Gay, M.D. Moore,
M.A. Stokes, B.T. Burns, J. Villanueva-Diaz and
L.G. Thompson. 1998. Experimental
dendroclimatic reconstruction of the Southern
Oscillation. Bull. American Meteorological
Society 79 2137-2152. White, W., 1988.
Geomorphology and Hydrology of Karst Terrains.
Oxford University Press, New York, NY. WVASS,
unpublished. Caves and Karst of Tucker County,
West Virginia.  
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