eqs

1
?????????? ?? ?????? ????
?????? ????
2
????? ?????? ?????-10,000 ??? ????
60,0002 2004
40,000 2003
1,357 2002
15,171 2001
228 2000
21,865 1999
8,928 1998
2,907 1997
419 1996
7,949 1995
1,038 1994
10,036 1993
3,814 1992
2,326 1991
51,916 1990
617 1989
26,552 1988

• ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???

3
???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? - ???? ?????? ????
eqs
eqs
eqs
eqs
4
?????

• ??? ????? ?????
• ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? (????? ???? ??????,
  ?????, ???? ?????, ?????, ????? ??????)
• ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
• ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
• ???? ???????? ???? ????? ????? (???? ?????,
  ?????, ?????, ???)

5
????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????
????? ?? ???????? 1906 ?????? ?????? ?
California 1906
6
????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????
Elastic Rebound theory
???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ??????? ????
????? ????? ?????? ??? ???. ??????? ????? ?????
????.
???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????
????? ?? ??? ?????? ????
7
????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????

1. ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????
2. ?????? ??? ???? 10
3. ?????? ????? ????? ??????????

8
??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????
9
????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??????
????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????.
10
??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???
??????X???? ??????X??????
11
Seismic Moment Mo

• MomAu
• A Area of fault plane
• u average slip
• m shear modulus

Moment Magnitude Mw
??? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? (??? ?????
??????????)
Mw 2/3 log10(Mo) - 10.7
12
????? ????

• ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????
  ????.
• ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????.
• ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????.
  ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????.
• ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????.

Epicenter
Hypocenter (????)
13
??? ???? ????, ???????? 1957
14
??? ???? ????, ,?????? 1999
????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????
15
??????????, 1992, ??? ????? ??????
16
???? ?? ????? ???? ?????
17
?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????
???????? ???????? ????????? ?????.
??? ??????
18
P Primary-Pressure WavesS Secondary-Shear
WavesSurface (Rayleigh Love) Waves
5-8 km/s
3-5 km/s
4-6 km/s
??????? ????? http//www2.wwnorton.com/college/
geo/egeo/flash/8_2.swf
19
???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???
???? ????
20
??????????? ?????? ?????? ????
21
??????????? ?????? ?????? ????
22
?????????? ?? ????? ????
P
S

• ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???
• ????
• ????-????
• ????-????
• ??? ??? (P) ??????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? (S)
  ???? ????????? ?????

Dt
23
????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????
???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
????? ????? ?????
???? ???????
?-3 ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?-3 ????? ????????
???? ???? ?? ????? ??????
????? ????
????? ??????
24
????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? P ?-S
IST
TEH
GII
25
????????? ?? ????? ??????
26
CTBT Stations
27
????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????
????? ?????
?????????
??? ??????
????
????
????? ?????
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
???? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ?????
?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????
?????? ?????.
28
????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????
3 ?"?
S4
S1
S3
29
??????? ???? Liquefaction
??? 1964
30
???? ????? ?? ?????? ????
www.iris.edu
http//neic.usgs.gov/neis/epic/epic.html
31
?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????
???? ???? ????
????? ?????? ???? ?? 25 ??? ??????? ??????? ??????
32
?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????
Mgt8
Mgt7
33
?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????

• ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????? ????
• logNa-bM
• ????? (????????)M
• ??????N
• ???? b1
• a ???? ????? ?????????

Gutenberg-Richter distribution law
34
??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?
35
???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????
???? '?????' ???? ?????? ?????? ??????
36
??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
???? ????? 1759
?'?? 749
????? 1927
37
??????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
??? ??? 749
38

• ???????? ???????

?????? 749
39
??? ???? ????? ???? 1179 ?"? ??????? ???? ?? ???
???? ?????
40
??? ???? ????? ???? 1179 ?"? ??????? ???? ?? ???
???? ?????
41
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 2.1 ?'
?????
42
???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? 2.1 ?'
?????
2.1 m
N
N
43
???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? 0.5
?'
44
????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????
????? ???? ????
?- 20.5.1202 ????? ?? 1.6 ?' ?????? ???????
1.6 ?'
?????? ???????? ???? ????
45
????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??? ???????
????? ???? ????
2.1 ?'
?- 20.5.1202 ????? ?? 1.6 ?' ?????? ???????
0.5 ?'
?????? ???????? ???? ????
?- 30.10.1759 ????? ?? ??? 0.5 ?' ??? ??????
46
???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
500 km
47
????????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????.?????
???? ?? ????? ?????
48
????? ??? ????? ??? ????
49
?????? - ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????
50
?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???
?????? ???? ???-?????????
Seismite
51
???? ????-???? ???? ?? ?????
W
E
52
???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?-18.1.749 ?? ??
?????? ?????????.?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????
??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????.
53
????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????
Oct. 17, 1989 Loma Prieta
54
?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?????
31 ???? ??????363 ?????? 419 551749 10331202 17
5918371927
55
?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????
??? ??????
???
?????? ??????
???
56
??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????