EQS 105: Principles of Equine Science

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EQS 105 Principles of Equine Science

• Cathy Myre
• Breeds, Colors, and Markings

Discover
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Objectives

• Identification of horses by body type.
• Identification of horses by work type.
• Identification of major breeds.
• Identification of major color breeds.
• Identification of markings.

And More!
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Goals

• Create a vocabulary database
• Create a business letter
• Complete a form
• Write a summary
• Create a photo file

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Lets Get Started!
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Vocabulary Breed

• A group of horses with a common origin, which
  possess definite inherited characteristics, which
  are passed on from parent to offspring through a
  fixed genetic makeup.

Jazz and Babyjazz Owner Walridge Farms
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Vocabulary Registered

• A horse of pure breed parentage whose birth,
  show, and breed records are kept on file at an
  association headquarters.

1993 AQHA gelding, Super Caantender
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VocabularyGrade

• A horse of mixed or unknown parentage.
  Unregisterable unless in a color oriented sense.

Pinto
Tinkers Sunny Not PtHA gelding Sire Unknown
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Vocabulary Hand

• Four (4) inches method of measuring the height
  of a horse from the bottom of the hoof to the top
  of the withers.

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Assignment One

• You will be assigned ten (10) vocabulary words
  each week for 15 weeks.
• You will create your dictionary in MS Word and
  save it to disk.
• Make enough copies each week for every class
  member and your instructor.
• White paper
• Arial font, size 12
• Three hole punch

This week's words...
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This weeks terminology

• EXAMPLE ONE
• ABSCESS
• ACUTE
• ADHESION
• ALLELE
• ALLERGY
• ALOPECIA
• AMBULATORY
• AMMONIA
• ANALGESICS
• ANATOMY

• Each of you will be given a list of words every
  week.
• There are books on reserve at the Library
  Reference desk that may be useful.
• Use any source that you choose.

Just Do It!
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Classification by type(click on the underlined
words to learn more)

• Pony
• Light Horse
• Gaited Horse
• Pasos

• Stock Horse
• Hunter
• Draft Horse
• Draft Pony
• Donkey

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Classification by typePony

• Generally, an equid whose height is 14.1 hands or
  under. Refer to AHSA rulebook for exact ruling on
  specific pony breeds.

Ocean Blue 14.1 7/8 hand high Thoroughbred cross
pony mare Owner Amanda Schumer
Click on the smiley faces!
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Classification by typeLight Horse

• Horses used for riding sport as opposed to heavy
  or draft horses which are used for pulling and
  work activities.

1994 QH mare Zippos Cool design owner Liz
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Classification by typeGaited (saddle) Horses

• Longer bodied
• Used for pleasure
• Park seat
• Saddle seat.

Arduns Yankee Royal Owner AnEqRider_at_aol.com
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Classification by typeGaited Horses

• Walk
• Trot
• Canter

Three gaited
RGM Vikings Enchantment Owner Allie wirth
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Classification by typeGaited Horses

• Walk
• Trot
• Canter
• Show Gait
• Rack

Five Gaited
CH Doubletrees Steel TheSshow17 hand 5 gaited
saddlebred Onwer Kate Salmonsen
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Classification by typePasos

• These horses travel with a broken pace in which
  the paired lateral limbs leave ground together
  but the hindfoot strikes ground prior to lateral
  forefoot.

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Classification by typePaso Fino

• Outward swing of foreleg DESIRABLE quality called
  termino
• No albino, tobiano or overo patterns

Deb Court
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Classification by typePeruvian Paso

• Developed in Peru
• Gave Conquistadores an advantage over the natives
  in war
• Valuable in the Incan Empire

Antipatico Blu 1990 stallion Owner Nicki
Gregoire
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Classification by typeStock horses

• Deep bodied
• Well muscled

Used For

• Working cattle
• Pleasure
• Gymkana

Ronnie Emmons Owner Tammara Morgan
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Classification by typeStock horses
Used For

• roping

Ronnie Emmons Owner Tammara Morgan
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Classification by typeHunters

• Large, long horizontal topline
• Ground covering gait

Sparrowhawk Owner Sadleseat2_at_aol.com
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Classification by typeHunters
Used For

• Jumping
• Cross country
• Three-day events.

Fantasy Come True Owner JCxSkinOn_at_aol.com
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Classification by type Draft horse
Used For

• Pulling
• Plowing
• Other farm work
• Work horses are not considered to be of the light
  horse breeds

Percheron team at SunCircuit Photo credit Cathy
Myre
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Classification by typeDraft Ponies

• Norweigian Fjord Ponies are hardy and sure-footed
• Still used as farm ponies in Norway
• Gentle

Pederson Fjords Andymom1_at_aol.com
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Classification by typeDonkeys

• Breeds registered by the American Donkey and Mule
  Society are
• Mammoth Jack
• Large Standard Donkey
• Standard Donkey
• Miniature Mediterranean Donkey
• American Spotted Ass

Dixie Owner Spotdonkey_at_aol.com
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Examples of Breed Classification by Work Performed

• Western
• Quarter Horse
• Appaloosa
• Paint
• Arabian
• Thoroughbred

Can you name others?
P.E. At Paint world
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Examples of Breed Classification by Work Performed

• Racing
• Thoroughbred
• Standardbred
• Quarter Horse
• Arabian
• Color Breeds

Can you name others?
Straven Owner _at_aol.com
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Examples of Breed Classification by Work Performed

• English
• Thoroughbred
• Quarter Horse
• Pony
• Arabian
• Gaited Horses
• Color Breeds

Fantasy come True OwnerJCwSkinOn_at_aol.com
Can you name others?
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Examples of Breed Classification by Work Performed

• Miniature Horses
• Scaled down version
• Not a breed can be registered
• Miniature Horse Registry
• Pets
• Exhibition

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Examples of Breed Classification by Work Performed

• Coach
• Morgan
• Hackney
• Arabian
• Quarter Horse
• Thoroughbred
• Color Breeds

Sam Owner _at_aol.com
Can you name others?
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Examples of Breed Classification by Work Performed

• European Sport Horses
• Dutch Warmbloods
• Trakhener
• Hanoverian

Deebo Owner _at_aol.com
Can you name others?
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Assignment Two

• Completely fill out both sides of the AQHA
  Registration Application

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Major Equine Breeds

• American Quarter Horse
• Thoroughbred
• Arabian

Yes, I KNOW there are others!
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Quarter Horse

• An American bred horse breed developed in the
  17th century by settlers in Virginia and
  Carolina, USA by crossing Spanish type mares with
  imported English thoroughbred stallions. General
  QH Characteristics include

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Quarter horse

• Massively muscled large, rounded hindquarters
• Compact, agile, fast, well balanced, and
  possessed of quick reflexes

Bruno Bars Dixie Owner Old mill Stable
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Quarter Horse

• Stands 14.1 to 16 hands
• May have a coat of any solid color although
  chestnut is most common
• Have a short-coupled body
• Short and wide head
• A long neck
• Well-defined withers

Bando
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Quarter Horse
Click here to see other Quarter Horses
Dallas Owner princess92_at_aol.com
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Thoroughbred

• Every thoroughbreds lines can be traced to three
  stallions the Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk, and
  the Godolphin Arabian.

Left All Flags Flying 1996 stallion Right
Ifyougotitflauntit 1996 mare Owner Nicki Gregoire
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Thoroughbred

• Bred for speed
• Courage
• Stamina

Metallica, owned by Kristen
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Thoroughbred
Used for

• Racing
• Hunting
• 3-Day Eventing

Three day eventer _at_aol.com
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Arabian

• One of the oldest and purest horse breeds dating
  back more than 3,000 years

Thunder B Bay Arabian gelding Owner Kristin
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Arabian

• Originated in Saudi Arabia
• Popular tradition states that it descended from
  the five mares of the prophet Mohammed

Thunder
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Color Breeds
Appaloosa
Paint
Palomino
Buckskin
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Color BreedsAppaloosa

• White scelera around eye
• Mottling on muzzle
• Striped hooves
• Coat pattern

Bay Appy Owner _at_aol.com
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Color BreedsAppaloosa

• White blanket on rump

Appy foal owner _at_aol.com
Click here to see more Appaloosas
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Color BreedsAppaloosa

• Leopard

Nick jumping owner _at_aol.com
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Leopard Appaloosa
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Color Breeds Paint(Tobiano)

• Tobianomost common
• pinto spotting pattern
• Large areas of interconnected white, usually
  across the back
• Head is usually dark
• Normal facial markings
• Legs are usually white

Click here to see an overo
Tobiano paint aol.com
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Color Breeds Paint(Overo)

• One or more patches of white
• Usually not crossing the back
• Usually not connected
• Spots are most commonly found on the
• neck
• belly
• flanks

The Expensive One Owner Cathy Myre
Click here to see an overo
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Color Breeds Paint(Overo)

• Blue eyes are common
• Bald or apron faces
• Dark legs are common

Blue10 aol.com
Click here to see a tovero
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Color Breeds Paint(Tovero)

• Combination of tobiano and overo spotting
  patterns.
• Usually white with some dark patches around the
  face and on the flanks.

Tovero colt aol.com
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Color BreedsPalomino

• First color registry
• Gold coat, white mane and tail
• PHBA

Palomino Stallion John slacks barn
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Color BreedsBuckskin

• Descendants of Norweigian Dun and Spanish Sorraia
• Four color patterns accepted

Cutter owner aol.com
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Assignment three

• Write a business letter to five equine breed
  associations, requesting free information,
  materials, photos, videos, etc.
• Save the address in MS Works Address Book.
• Print three copies send one, save one for your
  portfolio, turn one in to me.

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Basic Coat Colors

• Sorrel Body color reddish or copper-red mane
  and tail usually same color as body, but may be
  flaxen.

Indian Talk Owner Old Mills Stables
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Basic Coat Colors

• Black Body color true black without light areas
  mane and tail black

Kahreem Black Arab gelding owner
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Basic Coat Colors

• Bay Body color ranging from tan, through red, to
  reddish-brown, mane and tail black usually black
  on lower legs

Bay TB Colt Owner _at_aol.com
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Bay
RGM Vikings Enchantment Morgan mare owned by
Allie Wirth
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Basic Coat Colors

• Brown Body color brown or black with light areas
  around muzzle, eyes, flank and inside upper legs
  mane, tail and points black

Angel TB Mare
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Basic Coat Colors

• Grullo(a) Body color smoky or mouse-colored (not
  a mixture of black and white hairs, but each hair
  mouse-colored) mane and tail black usually
  black on lower legs usually has a dorsal stripe

Dark color running from tailhead to withers, the
horses dorsal area.
Grulla gelding at sun circuit Photo credit Cathy
myre
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Basic Coat Colors

• Chestnut Body color dark red or brownish-red
  mane and tail usually dark red or brownish-red,
  but may be flaxen

Bruno Bars Ginger Owner Old Mills Stable
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Basic Coat Colors

• Red Roan More or less uniform mixture of white
  with red hairs on the body, but usually darker on
  head and lower legs can have red black or flaxen
  mane and/or tail

Nurse What and filly by Smart Little Lena
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Basic Coat Colors

• Blue Roan More or less uniform mixture of white
  and black hairs on the body, but usually darker
  on head and lower legs can have a few red hairs
  in mixture

Face It Im Good AQHA blue roan stallion
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Basic Coat Colors

• Dun body color yellowish or gold mane and tail
  may be black, brown or mixed usually has a
  dorsal stripe zebra stripes on legs and
  transverse stripe over withers

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Basic Coat Colors

• Red Dun A form of dun with body color yellowish
  or flesh colored mane, tail and dorsal stripe
  usually are red. Mane and tail may be flaxen,
  white or mixed

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Basic Coat Colors

• Palomino body color a golden yellow mane and
  tail white. Palominos do not have dorsal stripes

Sug and Faol Owner _at_aol.com
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Basic Coat Colors

• Buckskin Body color yellowish or gold mane and
  tail black usually black on lower legs.
  Buckskins do not have dorsal stripes

Duke Owner Old mills Stables
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Basic Coat Colors

• Gray Mixture of white with any other colored
  hairs often born solid colored or almost solid
  colored and get lighter with age as more white
  hairs appear

Grey mare Owner _at_aol.com
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Grey
Aint He A Saint 1989 Andalusian stallion owned
by Nicki Gregoire
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Markings
Facial
Legs
Body
Hooves
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Markings

• Facial

Star
Strip
Snip
Blaze
Variations Combinations!
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MarkingsFacial

• Star

Star Photo credit Cathy Myre
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MarkingsFacial

• Strip

Indian Talk Owner old Mill Stables
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MarkingsFacial

• Snip

Last Goodbar Owner Old Mill Stable
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MarkingsFacial

• Star, strip

Halika Owner _at_aol.com
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MarkingsFacial

• Star, snip

Photo credit Cathy Myre
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MarkingsFacial

• Star, strip, snip

Photo credit Cathy Myre
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MarkingsFacial

• Blaze

Just Bright dude Owner Slicklane_at_aol.com
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MarkingsFacial

• Stripe

Photo Credit Cathy Myre
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MarkingsFacial

• Bald

Click here to return to facial markings
Photo credit Cathy Myre
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MarkingsBody

• Dappling in coat
• Amber tiger eye

Kate Owner Spotdonkey_at_aol.com
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Body Markings

• Paint coat patterns
• Overo
• Tobiano
• Tovero

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Body Markings

• Appaloosa
• Leopard
• Blanket
• Striped hooves

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Body Markings

• Dun factor
• Dorsal stripe
• Webbing
• Zebra stripes

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Leg Markings

• Leg markings are usually described by saying how
  far up the leg the white reaches.

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MarkingsLeg

• Coronet

Photo credit Cathy Myre
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MarkingsLeg

• Pastern

Black dots are called ermine spots
Photo credit cathy Myre
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MarkingsLeg

• Ankle

Shamadan Owner Cathy Myre
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MarkingsLeg

• Sock

Photo credit cathy Myre
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MarkingsLeg

• Stocking

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MarkingsHoof Color

• Black

Photo credit Cathy Myre
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MarkingsHoof Color

• White

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MarkingsHoof color

• Striped Hoof

Photo credit Cathy Myre
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Assignment Four

• You need to include five one page summaries of
  different breeds in your portfolio, with an
  attached photo.
• Each photo should captioned with coat color,
  facial markings, leg markings and hoof color.
• You may not use QH, Arab, or TB.
• You may use web graphics, photos, or magazine
  photos.

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Thank you for viewing Breeds, Colors, and
Markings.