States

1
CHAPTER 7

• States
• Of
• Consciousness

2
True/False on Ch 7 items

• 1.Most university students are evening persons
  whose performance improves throughout the day.
• 2. People who sleep seven to eight hours a night
  tend to outlive those who are chronically
  sleep-deprived
• 3. The most common dreams are those with sexual
  imagery.

3
T/F Continued

• 4. The majority of the characters in mens dreams
  are female.
• 5. Most psychologists believe that dreams provide
  a key to understanding our inner conflicts.
• 6. Under hypnosis, people can be induced to
  perform feats they would otherwise find
  impossible.

4
T/F Continued

• 7. Under hypnosis, people can be induced to
  perform acts they would otherwise find immoral.
• 8. In large amounts, alcohol is a depressant in
  small amounts, it is a stimulant.
•  

5
Consciousness our awareness of ourselves and
our behavior.

• Levels of Consciousness
• Conscious
• Nonconscious
• Preconscious
• Subconscious
• Unconscious

6
Place into 3 categories from very alert to out
of it

• Nodding off in a boring class
• Preparing to give your first speech in a class
• Studying for an exam
• Feeling the effects of having taken a painkiller
• Meditating
• Quacking like a duck while hypnotized

7
Place into one of 3 categories

• Counting backward while being anesthetized
• Having one social drink
• Having one more drink than you should
• Driving down the road but realizing that you are
  two exits past your stop
• Praying
• Meeting an attractive person for the first time
• Daydreaming

8
Conscious level

• Conscious level the info about yourself and
  your environment you are currently aware of.
• Ex. you are aware of me talking right now.
• Your conscious awareness can only be in one place
  at one time.

9
Nonconscious level

• Nonconscious level body process controlled by
  the brain that we are not usually aware of.
• Ex. heartbeat, respiration, digestion, hair
  growing.

10
Preconscious level

• Preconscious level Info not in your conscious
  level but that could be in your conscious level
• Ex. What did you eat for dinner last night?
  Pizza moves from your preconscious to your
  conscious.
• Ex. Q Who was the 1st president of the U.S.

11
Subconscious level

• Subconscious level Info we are not consciously
  aware of but we know must exist due to behavior.
• Ex. Chick-fil-As Thank you, My pleasure
• Ex. Driving on highway for long periods of time
  and you suddenly think that you havent been
  paying attention to the road.
• Ex. Passive-Aggressive people may have issues
  that they are frustrated about. They
  subconsciously release these onto other people in
  subtle ways.

12
Unconscious level

• Unconscious level psychoanalytic psychologists
  believe that some events and feelings are
  unacceptable to our conscious mind.
• Ex. Freud and theories of repression
• Childhood issues, conflicts, wishes/desires are
  repressed in the unconscious and affect our
  personality. If not released they may manifest
  (come out) in the form of anxiety or depression.
• VIDEO Freud and the unconscious

13
Daydreams/Catnaps

• Q. Who Daydreams in here?
• Q. What about?
• Q. What do psychologists say about it?
• correlational studies of drug use, delinquency
  and violence.
• Re 267 2nd paragraph, 2nd line..skip paragraph
  about Einstein
• Bill Clinton Has a 'Dream' - New York Post -
  YouTube

14
Biological Rhythms

• periodic physiological fluctuations
• Annual cycle migrating animals, hibernation
• 28 day cycle menstrual cycle
• 90-100 min. cycle sleep stages

15
Circadian Rhythm

• 24 hr. sleep/wake cycle human alertness
• regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 25
  hr. cycle.
• Jet lag can affect our circadian rhythm.
• Sunlight when changing time zones can affect
  this.
• Beginning at age 20- we become more larks vs.
  owls
• The Brain 13 OR Human Experience 9
• Sunday Night Insomnia and Circadian Rhythm

16
Measuring the Stages of Sleep

• Stages of Sleep EEGs (electroencephalogram)
  are used to see how active our brains are during
  sleep

17
Sleep Cycle

• Sleep Cycle 90 minutes
• Stage 1 2 3 4 3 2 REM 2 3 4 3
  2 REM .

18
Stage 1

• Stage 1 5 min.
• Mild hallucinations (hearing voices that dont
  exist) called hypnagogic sensations (falling or
  rising/floating weightlessly).
• Ex. Nodding of your head during class.
• Alpha waves (high frequencies, low amplitude).
• Q. Mnemonic for stage 1 contains alpha
• waves?

19
Stage 2

• Stage 2 20 min.
• Spindles (short burst of rapid brain waves)
• Asleep but can easily be awakened

20
Stage 3

• Stage 3
• Delta waves (slow waves the slower the wave the
  deeper the sleep)

21
Stage 4

• Stage 4
• Slower delta waves deeper sleep
• Difficult to wake up
• Stages 3 and 4 are when sleep walking/talking are
  most likely to occur. (Walking and talking during
  sleep are thought to run in families pg. 280
  twin studies).
• Q Sleepwalking? 20 children, 5 repeaters 2-10
  mins. Step Brothers - Sleep Walking YouTube
• Step Brothers Sleepwalking Scene (HD) - YouTube
• Bed wetting can occur at the end of Stage 4
• Selective attention is able to occur in deep
  sleep
• Brain can respond to particular stimuli, even
  when asleep
• (Body returns to stage 3)
• (Body returns to stage 2)

22
60 minutes

• The Science of Sleep Parts I
• 60 minutes
• 60 minutes part 2

23
REM Sleep

• REM Sleep Rapid Eye Movement Sleep a.k.a.
  Paradoxical sleep
• Detailed dreams are most likely in REM Stage
• The more stress we experience, the longer REM
  sleep you have
• As age increases we spend less time in REM sleep
• Rapid breathing and heartbeat, genital arousal,
  face/finger/legs twitch, muscles are virtually
  paralyzed

24
We spend more time in REM as the night
progresses.
25
REM Continued

• Infants spend more time in REM
• As the sleep continues, Stage 3 and 4 sleep time
  decreases and REM sleep increases.
• REM Rebound when deprived of sleep, the next
  time the body is able to sleep normally, the body
  will spend more time in REM
• Brain 14
• REM sleep 1 - YouTube
• Baby having rapid eye movement (REM) sleep by
  Sergey Egorov - YouTube
• VIDEO Sleep Stages

26
Animals and Sleep

• Dolphins, Whales, porpoises sleep with one half
  of their brain at a time.
• Puppy talking in his sleep - YouTube
• Bizkit the Sleep Walking Dog - YouTube
• Horses stand while sleeping but must lie
• during REM sleep.

27
Sleep Deprivation

• List any positive characteristics/
  accomplishments that youde like in your lifetime
  and its correlated with sleep.
• Randy Gardner 69 HS student stayed awake 11
  days, heart murmur, slurred speech, hallucinated
  that street signs were people, delusional-
  believed he was a African-American football
  star.- people who confronted him with the truth
  he called racist.

28
Sleep Deprivation

• Don't Fall asleep at a Basball GameYouTube
• Don't Fall asleep on the Train! - YouTube
• Japanese guy falls asleep standing up - YouTube
• Car accidents increase by 7 in the spring the
  day after we move clocks ahead and we lose one
  hour of sleep. Accidents and decrease by 7 in
  the fall
• Video- Sleepless in America

29
Video How the Brain works during sleep

• How brain work during sleep?

30
Sleep Disorders Insomnia

• Insomnia problems falling or staying asleep
• Most common sleep disorder
• Common quick fixes many use sleeping pills and
  alcohol, but these aggravate the problem.
• A sleep expert may suggest
• Reduce caffeine, exercise during the day,
  consistent sleep pattern.
• ARTICLE Teen sleep remedies

31
Sleep Disorders Narcolepsy

• Narcolepsy suffer from periods of intense
  sleepiness.
• Linked to absence of orexin- alertness
• Usually lasts less than 5 min.
• Suddenly fall into REM sleep
• A sleep expert may suggest
• Treated with medication and naps during the day.

32
Narcolepsy Videos

• Rusty the Narcoleptic dog
• Narcoleptic Timmy goes bowling
• girl with narcolepsy passes out
• Narcoleptic Golden Retriever
• deuce bigalow narcolepsy

33
Sleep Disorders Sleep Apnea

• Sleep Apnea temporary cessations of breathing
  during sleep
• Causes the person to wake up slightly and gasp
  for air
• Causes tiredness and could interfere with
  attention and memory
• Usually, those with sleep apnea do not remember
  waking up at night
• A sleep expert may suggest
• Sleep with a respiration machine
• Nick Sleep Apnea

34
Sleep Disorders Night Terrors

• Night Terrors high arousal and appearance of
  being terrified in the first few hours of sleep
  during Stage 4.
• Most common in children
• Unlike nightmares which occur in REM Sleep
• Child usually does not remember the terror
• Child usually grows out of the night terrors
• YouTube - sleep terror disorder.mpg