Exploring the Beef Industry

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Exploring the Beef Industry
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Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards
Addressed!

• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4 - Determine the
  meaning of words and phrases as they are used in
  a text, including vocabulary describing
  political, social, or economic aspects of
  history/social science.
• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.2a - Introduce a
  topic and organize ideas, concepts, and
  information to make important connections and
  distinctions include formatting (e.g.,
  headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and
  multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension.

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Bell Work

• Name as many beef cattle breeds as possible?
• What is your favorite steak?
• What is Marbling?
• What does polled mean?

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Student Learning Objectives

1. Name the parts of a beef animal.
2. List the common breeds of beef animals.
3. Explain how to select beef animals.
4. Identify types of beef production setups.
5. Describe beef marketing options.

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Terms

• Cattle feeders
• Conformation
• Cow-calf operation
• Cutability
• Demand
• Dual-purpose breed
• Desirable traits
• Feeder calves

• Frame Score
• Marbling
• Performance
• Polled
• Purebred breeders
• Supply
• Yearling feeders

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Objective 1

• Name the parts of a beef animal.

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What are the external parts of a beef animal?
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External Parts of a Beef Animal
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What are the Beef AnimalMeat Cuts?
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Beef Animal Meat Cuts
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Objective 2

• List the common breeds of beef animals.

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What are the commonbreeds of beef animals?

• Terms
• Polled
• born naturally without horns
• marbling
• desirable presence of fat in the muscle
• cutability
• amount of available retail cuts from the carcass
• dual-purpose breed
• traditionally used for both milk and beef
  production

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• Originated
• Northeast Scotland
• Most popular purebred beef animal because
• vigorous
• perform well in feedlots
• Polled
• Solid black or red
• Known for their marbling

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• Originated in
• Charolais, France
• Pink skin
• White to straw colored
• Large breed
• Polled or horned
• Heavily muscled
• Popular crossbreeding
• The first Charolais in the US were imported from
  Mexico because of embargos.

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P.O. Box 014059 Kansas City, Mo(816)842-3757
aha_at_hereford.org

• Originated in
• Hereford County, England
• White faces red bodies
• White markings on switch, underline, below the
  hocks, and on their crest flank
• Horned
• Easily handled
• Moderate Sized

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Polled Herefords

• Started in
• Iowa by Warren Gammon
• Gathered naturally polled animals and bred them
• Same traits as Herefords
• Eligible for registry in
• American Hereford Association
• American Polled Hereford Association

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www.NALF.orgNorth American Limousin
FoundationEnglewood, Co 80112 [phone]

• Originated in
• Southwestern France
• Wheat to rust red or orange colored
• Polled horned
• Long Shallow bodied
• Known for calving ease
• also their leanness large loin eye area
• High cutability

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American Shorthorn AssociationOmaha, Nebraska
402-393-7200

• Originated in
• England
• Dual-purpose breed
• Red, white, or roan
• Horned or polled
• Short
• Docile
• Good mothering ability

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Bozeman, MT800-593-2778

• Originated in
• Western Switzerland
• White face is dominate
• Red white spotted or solid red
• Black strains have been developed
• Polled horned
• Rapid growth
• Thick muscled

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Houston, Texas713-349-0854

• Originated in
• India
• Used in crossbreeding programs
• Light gray or red sometimes black
• loose skin, large hump over shoulder large
  drooping ears
• Resistance to disease, insects
• Tolerant to heat, rapid weight gain, quality
  carcasses
• unpredictable temperament
• Excellent ability to forage on poor range

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San Antonio, TX

• Originated from
• a cross between Brahman Angus
• 3/8 Brahman 5/8 Angus
• Polled
• Solid black
• Many of the same characteristics as the Angus
  Brahman

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Beefmaster Breeders United San Antonio,
TX210-732-3132

• Developed in
• Texas by combining ½ Brahman, ¼ Shorthorn, ¼
  Hereford
• Coloration varies but red is dominant
• Horned or polled
• very hardy and good milking ability
• Good temperaments
• Heavy weaning weights
• Rapid weight gain

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Saler

• Originated in central France.
• Considered an intermediate size.
• Thick red/black hair coat.
• Light colored horns.

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Charbray

• Originally a cross between Charolais and Brahman.
• Large rugged/performs well in hot humid
  conditions
• White in color.

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Chianina

• Originated in Italy.
• In Europe the breed is used for draught and meat.
• The largest breed of beef cattle.
• Used extensively for crossbreeding.

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Blonde d Aquitane

• Originated in south west France.
• Color is white to tan
• Were used as a draught and meat animal
• Very heavy muscled

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Brayford

• A cross between Hereford and Brahman.
• Suited for hot/humid climatic conditions.
• Developed in Australia Florida.

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Longhorn

• Color varies greatly, tan, red, brown, black and
  spotted.
• Ancestors of early Spanish breeds imported in the
  southwest.
• Used extensively as heifer bulls!

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Maine Anjou

• Originated in France.
• Very heavy muscled breed.
• Used extensively for crossbreeding.
• Originally red and white in color.

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• Developed on the King ranch in Texas.
• Originally a cross between Brahman and Shorthorn
  breeds.
• The goal was to develop a breed adapted to hot
  climates.

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Scotch Highland

• Originated in Scotland.
• Small body size.
• Tan/brown in color.
• Actually have two hair coats, short inner and
  longer outer coat.
• Ideally suited for colder climates

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Gelbvieh

• Originated in Germany.
• Tan/red in color.
• Originally a tri-purpose breed, meat, milk,
  draught.

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Objective 3

• Explain how to select beef animals.

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• Terms
• Desirable traits
• traits that are in demand at the market place
• Conformation
• the shape, form, and type of an animal
• Performance
• the ability of an animals to reproduce, wean,
  gain weight and stay strong
• Frame score
• measurement based on animals being observed and
  evaluated at 205 days

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• Selection based on the frame score
• 1 through 7 scale is used for frame score
• Selection based on conformation score
• 1 through 17 is used for performance score
• 9 11 below average
• 12-14 average
• 15-17 above average

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• No one breed is superior in all traits
• Decide on individual priorities select breed
  based on them
• Commit to good management practices
• diets nutritious
• comfortable living conditions
• monitor health concerns
• assess breeding stock

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How do I know what beef animals are better than
others?

• choose a reputable breeder producer
• insure animals are free of diseases and genetic
  problems
• look at records of the animals
• determine if animal will profit your herd

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Objective 4

• Identify types of beef production setups.

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What type of production best suits my needs?

• Cow-calf operation
• keeping mature cattle to produce calves
• cows bred every year
• calves sold 2 ways
• Feeder calves
• weaned animals under a year old until sold to
  feedlot and raised to slaughter weight
• Yearling feeders
• calves between 1 and 2 years of age sold to
  another producer to feed out to slaughter weight

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Cow-Calf Operations

• Advantages
• utilizes pastures
• less labor intense
• low investment costs
• require little equipment facilities
• easy to increase herd size

• Disadvantages
• Large initial land investment
• long time in between paychecks
• budget feed, minerals, vet bills, and other
  expenses
• Price may be low when time to sell calves

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What type of production best suits my SAE needs?

• Cattle feeders
• producers that feed beef animals to slaughter
  weight
• buy yearling or calves and finish them quickly

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Cattle Feeders

• Advantages
• production lag is only 4 6 months
• Quick turn-over time for money

• Disadvantages
• initial investment is high
• higher feed
• housing equipment
• more labor trucking
• fluctuating markets

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What type of production best suits my needs?

• Purebred breeders
• producers that keep herds for breeding stock and
  replacement bulls or semen for cow-calf
  operations

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Purebred breeders

• Advantages
• provides genetic improvements to herds
• Receive higher values for animals sold

• Disadvantages
• initial start-up cost higher for genetically
  superior animals
• time consuming
• record-keeping

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Objective 5

• Describe beef marketing options.

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Supply
• overall amount of product available at a given
  time
• Demand
• the amount that could be purchased at a given
  time for a given price

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Seasonal pricing patterns exists
• Several ways to market beef cattle
• purebred marketing
• local sales barn
• sell directly to packers
• Which one is best for you depends on
• marketing costs
• convenience
• market price

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Purebred Marketing
• done privately or auctions
• breed associations hold consignment auctions
• advertising expense
• payment of auctioneer

• Local Sale Barns
• convenient to buyers
• utilized by small producers
• selling fee is based on percent of sale or fixed
  amount
• cattle goes to the highest bidder

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What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

• Sell Directly to Packer
• large producers
• avoid paying commission or brokers
• 70 of slaughter cattle going to packers from
  direct markets

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Review

• What are the external parts of a beef animal?
• What are the Beef AnimalMeat Cuts?
• What are the commonbreeds of beef animals?
• How do I know what beef animals are better than
  others?
• What marketing options do I have with beef
  cattle?
• What marketing options do I have with beef cattle?

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The End!