Genetic%20Engineering

1
Genetic Engineering

• Chapter 13
• Section 1

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selective breeding

• Humans use selective breeding, which takes
  advantage of naturally occurring genetic
  variation in plants, animals, and other
  organisms, to pass desired traits on to the next
  generation of organisms.
• Nearly all domestic animalsincluding horses,
  cats, and farm animalsand most crop plants have
  been produced by selective breeding (test
  question)

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Hybridization 

• crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together
  the best of both organisms (test question)
• are often hardier than either of the parents
• Example combine the disease resistance of one
  plant with the food-producing capacity of another
  

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Inbreeding

• To maintain the desired characteristics of a line
  of organisms (test question)
• helps to ensure that the characteristics that
  make each breed unique will be preserved.
• Example The many breeds of dogsfrom beagles to
  poodlesare maintained by inbreeding

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Inbreeding

• Although inbreeding is useful in retaining a
  certain set of characteristics, it does have its
  risks. Most of the members of a breed are
  genetically similar. Because of this, there is
  always a chance that a cross between two
  individuals will bring together two recessive
  alleles for a genetic defect (test question)

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Producing New Kinds of Bacteria

• Breeders can increase the genetic variation in a
  population by inducing mutations, which are the
  ultimate source of genetic variability.
• It has even been possible to produce bacteria
  that can digest oil and that were once used to
  clean up oil spills. (Today, naturally occurring
  strains of oil-digesting bacteria are used to
  clean up oil spills.)

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Assignment

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