Cell division

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Cell division

• Chapter 10

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Cell Limitation

• As Cell Grows
• Stops growing before too large
• It divides, forming two cells

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Cell Division

• Process by which the cell divides into two new
  daughter cells.

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Chromosomes

• Carries genetic information that is passed from
  one generation of cells to the next
• DNA
• only visible during cell division
• every organism has a specific number

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Terms

• Sister Chromatids two identical copies of the
  chromosome
• Centromeres attaches the chromatids together.

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Cell Cycle

• series of events that cells go through as they
  grow and divide
• Interphase period of the growth of the cell

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Mitosis

• Divided into four phases
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• telophase

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Prophase

• Chromatin condenses
• Centrioles separate
• Spindle begins to form
• Nuclear envelope breaks down

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Metaphase

• Chromosomes line up across center
• Spindle fiber connected to centromere

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Anaphase

• Sister chromatids move apart

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Telophase

• Chromosomes gather at opposite ends and lose
  their distinct shape
• 2 nuclear envelopes form

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Cytokinesis

• occurs at the same time as telophase.
• Animals The cell membrane is drawn inward until
  it is pinched into
• Plants cell plate forms midway between the cell

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Cell Cycle Regulators

• Cyclin protein that regulates the timing of the
  cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
• Two different types
• Internal Regulators
• External Regulators

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Internal Regulators

• respond to events inside the cell
• Allow the cell cycle to proceed only when certain
  processes have happened inside the cell.
• EX some regulators make sure that a cell does
  not enter mitosis until all its chromosomes have
  been replicated.

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External Regulators

• respond to events outside the cell
• Direct cells to speed up or slow down the cycle.
• Growth factors
• Prevent extensive cell growth and keep the
  tissues of the body from disrupting each other

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Uncontrolled Cell Growth

• Cancer
• cells lose the ability to control growth.
• Does not respond to the signals that regulate the
  growth
• Form tumors
• Benign not cancerous
• Malignant Cancerous

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