Genetisk variation

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Genetisk variation

• Dag Lindgren
• 090511 Arlanda

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• Martin Lascoux, professor Uppsala, evolution
  biology
• Outi Savolainen, professor Oulu, genetics
• Nils Ryman, professor, Stockholm, population
  genetics
• Bo Karlsson, responsible tree breeding in
  southern Sweden
• Ola Rosvall, research leader green sector
  Skogforsk including tree breeding
• Sanna Black-Samuelsson, Forest authority, genetic
  specialist
• Dag Lindgren, professor SLU, forest genetics

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Program 090511

• Dag takes the word for a presentation of the
  program of the day
• Welcome! As we start late no coffee before lunch.
• As the document is and will be in Swedish I
  sometimes use Swedish, but speakers are free to
  use English and often we may keep to that if it
  feels natural.
• We are not many so you can break and say
  something whenever you want.
• Bo writes memory notations from this meeting. I
  assume we will see them sometime and that
  comments will be possible, but Bo formulates the
  notes.
• Bo redogör för regeringsuppdraget etc.
• Dag makes and introduction.
• Inputs from a reference group, three professors
  from ordinary universities with experiences
  from forest genetics.
• Each member of the reference group is in centre
  (ide om max tid 30 min, det går bra med mindre
  eller inte alls eller lite mer). The order is
  random and made now. It should not be seen as
  lectures, but be a guarantee that time does not
  become short for what a member of the reference
  group feel is important and want said. It can
  start in what is written but need not do that.
  Others can break with questions, information or
  comments, but it should be strictly about what
  the reference person wants in focus and kept
  short.
• Lunch break 12 or shortly after whenever it feels
  natural
• After the reference persons got their oppertunity
  to bring things in focus, the floor is open for
  anyone to say anything of relevance, and to
  comment on details in depth (e.g. on what is
  written) or ask any questions or comments.
• Break 14.30 for afternoon coffee. Participants
  have been asked to be available to 15.30 and the
  room is available and I stay somewhat longer if
  you want to continue to discuss.

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Bo gets the floor!
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Formalia

• Dag is responsible on delegation from Skogforsk.
• The document will be in Swedish.
• The form of the final document and popular
  summaries and how it will be made available will
  be decided later in consultation with Bo
  (Skogforsk), but it will be available on other
  webs than my.
• På webben och är tillgängligt för världen, dvs
  transparans och öppenhet. Referensgruppen kan
  följa hur det utvecklas. Det finns en blogg, om
  någon (t ex ur referensgruppen) vill göra en egen
  kommentar till det färdiga dokumentet kan jag
  lägga den där.
• Jag avser också att utveckla websidan och låta
  den vara kvar någon tid framöver.
• Inputs from a reference group, three professors
  from ordinary universities with experiences
  from forest genetics.
• This meeting is also a person to person interface
  between Science, Tree improvement and Authority
  and can facilitate a better understanding of
  different points of view.
• Restrict mainly to Scots pine and Norway spruce
  and Swedish forests. I do not feel able to extend
  it more in a limited time, and these species are
  dominating plant production.

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• Skogforsk likes this to be similar to a MKB. I
  have lower ambitions. That would require a
  workshop and some assistant and more time. But it
  could be seen as a starting point!
• I was asked to condense it to a printable file
  but I may have missed things and there are more
  material linked to.

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Tidshorisont

• Ursprungligen tänkte jag vara nästan klar till
  sommaren
• Men jag kunde knappast börja på allvar utan att
  få input/dialog från referensgruppen och det
  visade sig behövas ett personligt möte och detta
  kunde inte arrangeras förrän nu.
• Därför arbetar jag med detta i höst också som
  emeritus. Så före jul har jag ställt ett
  läsbart manus i utsikt, där huvudsakligen
  redigering återstår.

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Topics on the marginal...

• Should administrative suggestions be included.
  I have decided to do that. I can not see it is
  harmful, and increases the chance that some of
  the fora, who will see the document will react
  positively. But I really do not intend that the
  government itself will react.
• Förflyttade provenienser. De är uppenbarligen
  genetisk variation, så det känns inte fel och
  eftersom de nu är i fokus av debatten, så tyckte
  jag med stöd av andra att det var bra att jag tog
  upp det, men de har kommit lite för mycket i
  fokus i texten hittills, och det ledde också till
  att jag inte vill argumentera omkring det
  offentligt innan jag smält vad vi diskuterar
  idag.

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Introduction to the topics
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• What is genetic variation
• Are the difference between silvicultural regimes
  more important than genetic variation? (Has
  planting or not bigger impact than genetic
  variation?)
• People and the political system want genetic
  diversity, so what could be done to meet their
  desires? (The PR dimension)

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• What is the connection between genetic variation
  and skadegörare?
• Adaptedness versus skadegörare?
• Breeding and skadegörare
• Magnitude of natural gene migration? How much
  faster is gene flow by breeding and
  domestication?
• Genetic structure of Natural forest?
• Genetic differences between stands with and
  without Man.

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• Differences between Goals for Man and Nature
• How much does selection change variation?
• How are the value relations among field
  experiments, field experience, marker gene
  observations and theory?
• How much do we know from the field (cf discussion
  about Bouffier Raffin and Kremer 2008)
• History of pine and spruce in Sweden with
  particular consideration of genetics
• How does Man and Domestication and civilisation
  affect forest with particular aspects of
  genetics?
• Intentional
• Unintentional

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• Has Man had a dysgenic effect on the forest?
• How different are different provenances?
• Is the local provenance genetically fine tuned
  to the environment where it grows?
• To what degree are forest reproductive materials
  transferred (proveniensförflyttningarnas
  omfattning)
• Can the historic impact of foreign spruce in
  southern Sweden be better estimated?
• How large part of the forest is cultivated? (thus
  subject to provenance transfer)
• How large part of the spruce in Götaland is
  foreign seed source? (foreign parents)
• How large part of the spruce in Götaland is
  foreign origin? (foreign ancestrors but not
  parents)

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• What is the effect of hybridization in spruce and
  pine?
• What is the effect if (when) alien genes take
  over (south Swedish spruce genes invaded by
  Belarus genes)?
• What is the current speed of change?
• How can genetic status and changes in the Swedish
  forest be better documented and analyzed on the
  national and lower levels?
• Earlier possible genetic mistakes and has it
  been possible to quantify the genetic component?
  (e.g. Gremmeniella, Gudrun)

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• Genetic diversity in a natural stand
• Genetic diversity in a planted stand
• Genetic diversity in a stand from a seed orchard
• How can and will seed orchards affect genetic
  diversity? (now and in the foreseeable future)
• Relevant comparisons in field trials between
  bred (or selected) and natural
• Advantages and disadvantages with a low genetic
  diversity in a stand

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• Genetic diversity in landscapes with a mosaic of
  different stands from different epoches and with
  different history? Diversity on the landscape
  level?
• What effects have tree breeding on diversity on
• the stand level
• the landscape level
• the national level

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• Whats the effects of that improved material has
  another genetic structure with genes with a wider
  origin (breaking of within stand inbreeding,
  hybridisation of trees with ancestors some 100 km
  apart)
• What are the consequences that a considerable
  part of future forests will originate from say
  400 ancestors?

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• Will the bred genes contaminate reservats etc.?
• Whats the implications of forest tree breeding
  on gene conservation?
• How can national statistics of the genetics of
  the Swedish forest be improved?
• Is it possible and meaningful to test seed lots
  genetically before use?
• Forest production is valuable! Compromises with
  other interests must be possible! What can be
  compromised and what can not?
• Who owns the problem? If something might be bad
  for the forest owner, must the problem be raised
  to a higher level? If something reduce the
  production of the forest (say hybrid depression),
  is that not just good for environment?

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• What research would be most relevant for reducing
  possible risks and straighten out the issues?
• What activities could be considered for addition
  to the long term breeding?
• Possible modifications of rules and
  administrative procedures

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End
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Dag L questions
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• I have a bad memory and am old and not in perfect
  health, so do not beleive I remember everything
  said. I would have preferred to get it written
  shared in small doses easier to absorb.
• Does it exist some similar document I could get?
• Some person I should try to call and have a
  conversation with?
• Some of the present who want a special meeting
  with me about something connecting to this?
• Some web-discussion club this should suit to?