VEGETABLE

1
VEGETABLE
2
DAMPING OFF

• SOIL PATHOGENS
• PYTHIUM SPP.
• RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI
• FUSARIUM SPP.
• APHANOMYCES SPP.
• SEED PATHOGENS
• ALTERNARIA SPP.
• PHOMA LINGAM AJ.

3
DAMPING OFF

• CONDITIONS OF INFECTIONS
• HUMIDITY
• LACK OF LIGHT
• HEAVY, AIRLESS SUBSTRAT WITH CRUST
• pH

4
DAMPING OFF

• control
• CULTURAL PRACTICE
• - SOWING DENSITY
• - RELATION TEMPERATURE LIGHT INTENSITY
• - IRRIGATION AT SUITABLE TIME
• - AERATION

5
DAMPING OFF

• control
• SUBSTRATE DISINFECTION
• STEAMING
• FUMIGANTS
• GRANULATED FUNGICIDES
• WATERING
• BOOMERANG EFFECT

6
DAMPING OFF

• control
• SEED FROM NONINFECTED STANDS
• Seed treatment

7
ALLIACEAE (ONION, GARLIC ETC.)
8
VIRUS DISEASES

• OYDV, LYSV, ALEXIVIRUSES

9
VIRUS DISEASES

• TRANSMISSION
• SEEDS, APHIDS, MITES
• CONTROL
• HEALTHY SEED MATERIAL

10
ONION YELLOW DWARF
11
ONION YELLOW DWARF

• TRANSMISSION
• SEEDS, APHIDS NONPERSISTENTLY
• CONTROL
• ISOLATION FROM GARLIC
• APHIDS

12
DOWNY MILDEW

• PERONOSPORA DESTRUCTOR

13
DOWNY MILDEW

• PERONOSPORA DESTRUCTOR

14
DOWNY MILDEW

• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• - SEEDS
• PLANTING MATERIAL
• CONSEQUENCES
• DIRECT LOSSES OF YIELD
• EARLYSPROUTING DURING STORAGE
• YOUNG ONIONS

15
DOWNY MILDEW

• CONTROL
• LOCALITY
• FERTILIZATION N
• STAND DENSITY AND WEEDS
• IRRIGATION
• CHEMICAL CONTROL
• COMPLETE DRYING BEFORE STORAGE

16
NECK ROT

• BOTRYTIS ALLII

17
NECK ROT

• SOURCES OF INFECTION
• - SEEDS
• - SCLEROTIA
• - DYING PARTS OF PLANTS

18
NECK ROT

• CONTROL
• - LOCALITY
• - FERTILIZATION N
• - STAND DENSITY AND WEEDS
• - IRRIGATION
• - CHEMICAL CONTROL SEED STAND TREATMENT, SEED
  TREATMENT
• - COMPLETE DRYING OF ONION BEFROE STORAGE

19
WHITE ROT

• SCLEROTIUM CEPIVORUM

20
WHITE ROT

• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• SCLEROTIA
• CONTROL
• CROP ROTATION
• DIALLYL DISULPHIDE
• SOLARIZATION
• FLOODING (20 C)

21
FUSARIUM BASAL PLATE ROT

• FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CEPAE

22
FUSARIUM BASAL PLATE ROT

• SOURCE
• - SOIL
• CONTROL
• CROP ROTATION
• CLOVE TREATMENT
• RESISTANT VARIETIES

23
ANTHRACNOSE

• COLLETOTRICHUM CIRCINANS

24
CLOVE DARKENING

• HELMINTHOSPORIUM ALLII

25
SMUT

• UROCYSTIS

26
SMUT

• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• SEEDS
• SOIL
• CONTROL
• SEED TREATMENT
• SPRAYING
• CROP ROTATION

27
RUST

• PUCCINIA ALLII

28
RUST

• SOURCE
• OVERWINTERING CROPS AND WEEDS
• CONTROL
• RESISTANT VARIETIES (LEEK)
• CHEMICAL CONTROL

29
PURPLE BLOTCH

• ALTERNARIA PORRI

30
PURPLE BLOTCH

• SOURCES
• CROP RESIDUES
• CONTROL
• CROP ROTATION
• CHEMICAL CONTROL

31
BRASSICACEAE (COLE CROPS)
32
COLD AND FROST
33
MARGINAL NECROSIS

• CALCIUM DEFICIENCY

34
MOLYBDENUM DEFICIENCY
35
HEAD CRACKING
36
VIRUS DISEASES
37
VIRUS DISEASES

• TRANSMISSION
• APHIDS NONPERSISTENTLY
• SEEDS AND BEETLES (TYMV)
• SOURCES
• OVERWINTERING CROPS AND WEEDS

38
CLUBROOT

• PLASMODIOPHORA BRASSICEAE

39
CLUBROOT

• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• - LASTING SPORES IN SOIL
• SPREADING
• - PLANTING MATERIAL
• - ANY TRANSPORT OF CONTAMINATED SOIL

40
CLUBROOT

• CONTROL
• - CROP ROTATION
• - LIMING
• SPECIES AND VARIETY
• HEALTHY TRANSPLANTS
• - SOIL TREATMENT
• - AVOID DIRECT SOWING

41
BLACK ROT

• XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS

42
BLACK ROT

• SOURCES
• SEEDS
• CROP RESIDUES
• CONTROL
• CROP ROTATION
• SEED TREATMENT

43
SOFT ROT

• ERWINIA CAROTOVORA

44
DAMPING OFF
45
ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT

• ALTERNARIA BRASSICEAE, BRASSICICOLA

46
ALTERNARIA LEAF SPOT

• SOURCE
• CROP RESIDUES
• (SEEDS)
• CONTROL
• CROP ROTATION
• SEED TREATMENT
• CHEMICAL CONTROL

47
DOWNY MILDEW

• PERONOSPORA PARASITICA

48
DOWNY MILDEW
49
DOWNY MILDEW

• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• CROP RESIDUES
• SEEDS
• CONTROL
• CULTURAL PRACTICE
• CHEMICAL CONTROL (SEED STANDS MAINLY)

50
PHOMA LEAF SPOT, DRY ROT

• LEPTOSPHAERIA MACULANS

51
SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM
52
WHITE RUST (BLISTER)

• ALBUGO CANDIDA

53
WHITE RUST (BLISTER)
54
GRAY MOLD

• BOTRYTIS CINEREA

55
LETTUCE
56
EDGE NECROSE

• CALCIUM DEFICIENCY

57
BACTERIAL SPOT
58
DOWNY MILDEW

• BREMIA LACTUCAE

59
DOWNY MILDEW

• SOURCES OF INFECTION
• SEED
• OOSPORES IN PLANT RESIDUES
• NEIGHBOURING STANDS, WEED SPECIES

60
DOWNY MILDEW

• CONDITIONS OF INFECTION
• - COLD, HUMIDITY, LACK OF LIGHT FORCED AND SEED
  STANNDS MAINLY

61
DOWNY MILDEW

• CONTROL
• - AERATION, IRRIGATION AT SUITABLE TIME
• - CHEMICAL CONTROL SEED STANDS

62
GREY MOULD ANDSCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM
63
GREY MOULD AND SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM
64
GREY MOULD AND SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM

• SOURCES OF INFECTION
• - SCLEROTIA IN SOIL
• - DYING PARTS OF PLANTS

65
GREY MOLD AND SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM

• CONDITONS OF INFECTION
• COLD, HUMIDITY, LACK OF LIGHT FORCED STANDS
• ATTENTION TO ICE LETTUCE AND FOREIGN VARIETIES IN
  FIELD ALSO

66
GREY MOLD AND SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM

• CONTROL
• AERATION, IRRIGATION
• RESISTANT VARIETIES
• CHEMICAL CONTROL

67
ANTHRACNOSE

• MARSSONINA PANATTONIANA

68
ROOT VEGETABLE
69
BORON DEFICIENCY
70
VIRUSES
71
SOFT ROT

• ERWINIA CAROTOVORA

72
SEPTORIA LEAF BLIGHT (LATE BLIGHT)

• SEPTORIA APII

73
SEPTORIA LEAF BLIGHT (LATE BLIGHT)

• SOURCES OF INFECTION
• - SEEDS
• - PLANT RESIDUES IN SOIL

74
SEPTORIA LEAF BLIGHT (LATE BLIGHT)

• CONTROL
• OLDER SEEDS
• FERTILIZATION N
• CHEMICAL CONTROL

75
POWDERY MILDEW

• ERYSIPHE HERACLEI

76
ALTERNARIA LEAF BLIGHT

• ALTERNARIA DAUCI

77
CARROT BLACK ROT

• STEMPHYLIUM RADICINUM

78
CARROT BLACK ROT

• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• SEEDS
• CONTROL
• SEED TREATMENT
• CHEMICAL CONTOL (IN SEED STAND ALREADY!)

79
COTTONY ROT

• SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM

80
COTTONY ROT

• SOURCE OF INFECTION
• SOIL
• CONTROL
• CROP ROTATION
• LOW STORAGE TEMPERATURE