Controversial

1
Controversial

• Events, Figures and Perspectives
• The 1920s

2
Prohibition

• Volstead Act
• 1920-1933
• (Temperance)

3
18th amendment

• No person shall sell, barter, transport, import,
  export, deliver, furnish or possess any
  intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this
  act.
• Exceptions - near beer (.05)
• Industrial alcohol - Patent medicines
• Sacramental wine - Flavoring extracts
• Toilet preparations - Vinegar
• Syrups - Dr. prescriptions
• Cider (no more than 1 pint/10 days)

4
Why support the 18th?

• Regulate peoples behavior by force
• Better health
• Increased morality (and religiousness)
• Solve problems of delinquency
• Solve problems of poverty, prostitution,
  political corruptness

5
Impacts of Prohibition

• MOONSHINE Other names include hooch, mountain
  dew and
• White lightening. This is high-poof distilled
  spirits which are produced illegally. Today-
  Appalachian area of the country
• BOOTLEGGING The illegal business of transporting
  or smuggling the liquor
• SPEAKEASY PA based, illegal liquor store or
  nightclub

6
ASL and WCTU

• an army of the Lord to wipe away the curse of
  drink."
• Now an era of clear thinking and
• clean living!
• "Come in and take a drop. The first drop led to
  other drops. He dropped his position he dropped
  his respectability he dropped his fortune he
  dropped his friends he dropped finally all
  prospects in this life, and his hopes for
  eternity and then came the last drop on the
  gallows. BEWARE OF THE FIRST DROP.

7
A Childs Promise

• I promise not to buy, sell, or give
• Alcoholic liquors while I live
• From all tobacco I'll abstain
• And never take God's name in vain.

8
(No Transcript)
9
(No Transcript)
10
Outcomes of the 18th

• Who benefited?
• Politicians
• got votes for looking other way
• Bootleggers (Gangsters/Club Owners)
• owned clubs,

11
Outcomes of the 18th

• Who suffered? (3)
• Politicians
• lost 1/2 billion in taxes respect
• Immigrants
• - blamed, lost culture, jailed
• Saloon Owners/Alcohol makers
• - lost jobs

12
(No Transcript)
13
The Effects of the 18th

• Created disrespect for the law
• Eroded respect for religion
• Created organized crime
• Corrupted law enforcement, courts, politics
• Overburdened police
• Harmed people financially, emotionally, morally -
  lost jobs (profession became a crime)

14

• Harmed physically
• Unsafe alcohol blindness, kidney/liver/brain
  damage
• Attacks by mob, police
• Changed drinking habits of the country
• Public drinking now common
• Women drinking
• Hard liquors more popular
• Increased cigarette smoking

15

• 1922 5,000 Saloons
• 1927 30,000 Speakeasies
• CA grape growers produced a grape juice product.
  Its literature carefully instructed buyers what
  not to do, because, if they did those things,
  they would have wine in sixty days. The demand
  for grape juice grew dramatically.

16
Owen Standy(Democratic Senator)

• My country tis of thee,
• Land of grape juice and tea,
• Of thee I sing,
• Land where we all have tried,
• To break the laws and lied!
• From every mountain side,
• The bootlegs spring.

17
Franklin P. Adams(The New York World Feb. 1931)

• Prohibition is an awful flop,
• We like it.
• It cant stop what its meant to stop,
• We like it.
• Its left a trail of graft and slime,
• It dont prohibit worth a dime.
• Its filled our land with vice and crime,
• Nevertheless, were for it.

18
Herbert Hoover(President 1929 1932)

• Prohibition is a great social and economic
  experiment
• noble in motive and
• far-reaching in purpose.

19
Andrew J. Volstead(U.S. Senator)

• They can never repeal it.

20

• In 1933, the 21st amendment was passed.
• It repealed the 18th.
• This has been the only amendment in U.S. History
  to be repealed.

21
http//www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/educators/
activities/

• Go to Prohibition Nationwide in the menu bar.
  Click on the bottle representing Seattle, WA and
  the bottles representing PA and NY. Complete the
  homework given in class that accompanies this.

22
Gangsters of the 1920s
23
Al Capone

• This Italian gangster is the most well known in
  history. He began in NY then moved to Chicago
  where he was known as a murderer, a pimp, and
  bootlegger. He was eventually arrested and
  served the rest of his life in Alcatraz where he
  died in 1947 of syphilis.

24
Eliot Ness

• This special agent in the Prohibition Bureau is
  known for chasing Capone for two years until he
  finally brought him to justice. Or did he? He
  routinely seized alcohol, trucks, stills and
  equipment from bootleggers. His men earned the
  nickname The Untouchables because they couldnt
  be bought out or bribed like other officials.

25
Eliot Ness continued.

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vISTQ9UZs4wY
• Why do you think that we have embellished Nesss
  role in apprehending Capone? How do the different
  sides of Eliot Ness mirror the different sides of
  the 1920s? Explain.

26
George Moran

• This Irish leader of the Northside Gang was
  nicknamed the Jolly Murderer and Bugs. He
  was the target of the Saint Valentines Day
  Massacre, but escaped harm. He was eventually
  arrested for bank robbery despite being known as
  Chicagos Robin Hood.

27
Charles Luciano

• This Italian gangster was considered the Boss of
  Bosses in NYC. He worked under Johnny Torrio
  and earned his nickname Lucky after surviving
  an attack with an icepick. After his arrest, he
  helped the U.S. during WWII with the invasion of
  Sicily and so he was set free to live the rest
  of his life in Italy.

28
Dion OBanion

• This Irish gangster owned a flower shop and
  consistently stole alcohol from Al Capone. He
  was killed in his flower shop by Torrios men
  because he often stole alcohol from Torrio. He
  was known for running the best distilleries in
  town.

29
Johnny Torrio

• This Italian gangster killed his own uncle to
  take over the business. He attempted to unite
  all Chicago gangs and was successful in all cases
  except with OBanion. He was retaliated against
  after attacking OBanion. After this incident,
  he turned over his gang to his famous successor
  and moved back to NYC.

30
Red Scare 1

• 1919-1920
• Fear that communism was taking over the United
  States and the WORLD!

31
Why did the Red Scare begin?

• Rise of communism in the world
• Comintern ____________ _______________
• Increase in the number of anarchists, socialists
  and communists
• Continued immigration
• 1919 141,000 -- 1921 805,000
• Increase in strikes
• Associated with socialism
• leading to communism

32
Results of the Red Scare

• Palmer Raids
• A. Mitchell Palmer U.S. Attorney General
• Raided houses of known anarchists, socialists and
  communists i.e. immigrants
• WITHOUT a search warrant this is illegal
• Still, many were jailed and/or deported
• WHY? 1. Fear the U.S would be overthrown
• 2. Bombs were being sent through the
• mail to powerful citizens
  and
• government officials

33
Results of the Red Scare

• Immigrants were put on trial for crimes they did
  not commit
• Ex Sacco and Vanzetti
• Emergency Quota Act (1921)
• Only 2 of an ethnicity allowed in U.S. based on
  1890 census
• Discriminated against Asians and Eastern
  Europeans because they had just begun emigrating
  in 1880 not many here for census

34
Results of the Red Scare

• Immigration Act (1924)
• Japanese cant become citizens
• Which means no civil rights or voting
• National Origins Act (1929)
• Only 2 of an ethnicity allowed in U.S. based on
  1920 census
• More fair to Asians and Eastern Europeans

35
(No Transcript)
36
Rise of the Klan
37

• KU KLUX KLAN
• History
• Died out in the 1870s
• Revived again in 1915 WHY?
• Reached peak in 1924 - 4.5 million members
• Kept old practices white hoods burning crosses
• GOAL to keep out foreigners
• Opposed unions and supported prohibition
• felt threatened by changes in American society

38

• LYNCHING
• What is it?
• Why was it done?
• Used as a scare tactic
• Existence of a racist environment
• Permissive government

39
LYNCHING 1880 1950 5,000 killed with 70
being Black 1880 23 people every 2 ½
days Heaviest in Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama,
Lousiana and Arkansas What do they all have in
common? Not restricted to South for
example Zacharia Walker 1911 Coatesville, PA
40
Sacco Vanzetti

• Victims of xenophobia or Guilty?

41
Background
Shoe Factory
Southern Part
Fish Peddler
Vanzetti
Northern Part
42
The Case
Accused of murdering a paymaster shoe store
security guard
43
Paymaster carrying 16,000 in payroll receipts
when shot!
44
Trial
Not impartial
Referred to Sacco Vanzetti as Dagos
45
Denounced their immigrant background pol.
beliefs
Unfair treatment
46
1927
Both convicted of murder sentenced to death
47

• Vanzetti - I wish to say to you that I am
  innocent. I have never done a crime, some sins,
  but never any crime. I thank you for everything
  you have done for me. I am innocent of all crime,
  not only this one, but of all, of all.
• I am an innocent man.

48
Case Interpretation
49
Where were they coming from?
Remember the New Immigration?
Remember the New Immigration?
Remember the New Immigration?
50
No foreigners in US!
51
Politics in the 1920s
52
Woodrow Wilson
1913-1921 Democratic (1st in 20 years)

• Campaign Platform New Freedom
• A moderate Progressive
• - Banking reform
• - Anti-trust legislation
• Developed League of Nations

53
"Some people call me an idealist. Well, that is
the way I know am an American. America is the
only idealistic nation in the world." "If you
want to make enemies, try to change something."
54
Warren g harding
1921-1923 Republican

• Campaign Name A Return to Normalcy
• Established high protective tax on imports Why?
• Repealed war taxes on U.S. goods
• Restricted immigration (E. Europe)

Cabinet Ohio Gang - known for scandals ex
Teapot Dome leased oil land to private
companies Stress from scandalsstrokedied
55
"My God, this is a hell of a job! I have no
trouble with my enemies . . . but my damn
friends, they're the ones that keep me walking
the floor at nights."
56
Calvin coolidge
1923-1929 Republican

• Chief business of America is business offer
  jobs
• First president to address the nation on radio
  ('23)

Credit introduced, it was a prosperous era with
electricity being introduced into the home.
There was wealth but not well distributed.
Agriculture, RR, textiles and coal were in
trouble. Kept the import tax.
57
"If you don't say anything, you can't be called
upon to repeat it. "I have never been hurt by
anything I didn't say."
58
Herbert hoover
1929-1933 Republican
President during 1929 Stock Market Crash 1st
president to have telephone on desk Believed in
Rugged Individualism local govt to help
during depression Blamed for the
Depression Dedicated to maintaining
peace internationally
59
"Peace is not made at the Council table or by
treaties, but in the hearts of men." "A
splendid storehouse of integrity and freedom has
been bequeathed to us by our forefathers. In
this day of confusion, of peril to liberty, our
high duty is to see that this storehouse is not
robbed of its contents." "Absolute freedom of
the press to discuss public questions is a
foundation stone of American liberty."
60
(No Transcript)
61
(No Transcript)
62
(No Transcript)
63
(No Transcript)