What is a phylogenetic tree?

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What is a phylogenetic tree?
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M. A. Norell et al., Science 317, 1378 -1381
(2007)
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Dunn et al. 2008
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Campbell Reece textbook
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Common ancestry models

• Pedigree
• A depiction of the ancestry relations within
  populations
• Net-like (reticulate)
• Phylogeny
• A depiction of the ancestry relations between
  species
• Tree-like (divergent)

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Four plants connected to their parents
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past
future
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Lineage-branching Speciation
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What happened here?
Extinction
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Representation of phylogenies?
A
B
C
A
B
C
A simplified representation
The True History
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Some terms used to describe a phylogenetic tree
Taxon (taxa) Tip Leaf
Internal branch
Node
Root