Physics

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Principles of Economics Chapter 15 Issues in
Labor Markets Unions, Discrimination,
Immigration PowerPoint Image Slideshow
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Figure 15.1

• In 2011, thousands of people in Wisconsin
  protested against a bill that would eliminate the
  right to collective bargaining over everything
  except wages. (Credit modification of work by
  Fibonacci Blue/Flickr Creative Commons)

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Figure 15.2

• The share of wage and salary workers who belong
  to unions rose sharply in the 1930s and 1940s,
  but has tailed off since then to 11.3 of all
  workers in 2012.

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Figure 15.3

• Without a union, the equilibrium at E would have
  involved the wage We and the quantity of labor
  Qe. However, the union is able to use its
  bargaining power to raise the wage to Wu. The
  result is an excess supply of labor for union
  jobs. That is, a quantity of labor supplied, Qs
  is greater than firms quantity demanded for
  labor, Qd.

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Figure 15.4

• Jobs in services have increased dramatically in
  the last few decades. Jobs in government have
  increased modestly. Jobs in manufacturing have
  not changed much, although they have trended down
  in recent years. Source U.S. Department of
  Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Figure 15.5

• The ratio of wages for black workers to white
  workers rose substantially in the late 1960s and
  through the 1970s, but has not changed much since
  then. The ratio of wages for female to male
  workers changed little through the 1970s, but has
  risen substantially since the 1980s. In both
  cases, a gap remains between the average wages of
  black and white workers and between the average
  wages of female and male workers. Source U.S.
  Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

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Figure 15.6

• This figure shows projected changes in the ethnic
  makeup of the U.S. population by 2060. Note that
  NHPI stands for Native Hawaiian and Other
  Pacific Islander. AIAN stands for American
  Indian and Alaska Native. Source US Department
  of Commerce

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Figure 15.7

• The number of immigrants in each decade declined
  between 1900 and the 1940s, but has risen sharply
  in recent decades. (Source U.S. Department of
  Homeland Security, Yearbook of Immigration
  Statistics 2011, Table 1)