Complex%20Heart%20Defects

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Complex Heart Defects

• Tricuspid Atresia
• Hypoplastic Left Heart
• Single Ventricle

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Overview of Fetal Circulation
RIGHT ATRIUM
LEFT ATRIUM via the Foramen Ovale.
AORTA BODY
http//www.packardchildrenshospital.org/health/hrn
ewborn/pda.htm
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• RIGHT ATRIUM

• RIGHT VENTRICLE

PULMONARY ARTERY
AORTA via Ductus Arteriosus
http//www.packardchildrenshospital.org/health/hrn
ewborn/pda.htm
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General Warning Signs

• Cyanosis
• Low blood Pressure
• difficulty breathing
• feeding problems
• poor weight gain
• pinkish color

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Tricuspid Atresia
NO TRICUSPID VALVE FORMED No flow from right
atrium to right ventricle
http//www.rch.unimelb.edu.au/cardiology/website/L
ibrary/Tricuspid_Atresia/tricuspid_atresia.html
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The Problem

• Blood does not enter right atrium easily so blood
  flow to lungs is not as effective.

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Variations

• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
• a hole between the left and right atriums helps.
  

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NO VSD

• Ductus Arteriosus has NOT Closed yet.

Left Ventricle
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Body
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Detection of Tricuspid Atresia
CYANOSIS
LOW SATURATION
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Variations of Tricuspid Atresia
TRANSPOSITION
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Hypoplastic Left Heart

• Poorly formed Left Side of Heart.
• One of the most severe heart defects.

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Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Aorta (via Ductus Arteriosus)
Body
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If untreated survival is impossible
Closed Ductus Arteriosus Death
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Warning Signs
Pale Colored Rapid Breathing Difficulty
Breathing Difficulty Feeding
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Single Ventricle

• No ventricular septum

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Type of Single Ventricle Defect Balanced
Circulation

• When pulmonary artery has a small obstruction a
  little narrowed.

Blood flow to the aorta and pulmonary artery are
equal.
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Warning Signs
Equal Saturation Levels in Aorta and Pulmonary
Artery
CYANOSIS
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Obstructed Pulmonary Artery

• Thickened Pulmonary Valve, other obstruction

Single Ventricle
BODY
LUNGS
MEANS More blood to AORTA/BODY.
RA
LA
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WARNING SIGNS
CYANOSIS
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Normal Pulmonary Artery
Single Ventricle

• MUCH MORE BLOOD FLOWS TO LUNGS

BODY
LUNGS
RA
LA
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EISENMEYER REACTION Blood vessels reaction to
increased blood flow.
Normal Blood Vessel
Narrowed Blood Vessel
Blocked Blood Vessel
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Warning Signs

• This is much harder to detect

Pinkish color
Normal Coloring
CYANOSIS
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32,000 babies are born each year with heart
defects
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Why?

• No one knows for sure
• heredity
• viral infections during pregnancy
• drugs
• alcohol
• Downs syndrome