Changing Cultures in the Americas

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Chapter 16

• Changing Cultures in the Americas

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Explorers and Colonies in the Americas

• Spanish control former Aztec and Inca empires-
  Search for city of gold in the American southwest
  but never find it.
• French explore North American River systems,
  including the Mississippi River and Great Lakes
  region.
• British (England) want a northwest passage, but
  never find it.

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Rulers and Social Structure

• Viceroys- assistant kings
• They rule the colony for the king
• Peninsulares- settlers fromEurope who became the
  upperclass in the new world
• Criollos- below peninsulares
• Born here
• European parents
• Couldnt hold government positions
• Lower Class- workers/commoners
• Slaves- Indian and African

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Womens Roles

• Very rigid social rules
• Womens choices-
• Marry or join a convent
• Being a nun probably the only way to get an
  education as a female

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Labor Force

• Native Population falls
• 50 million to 4 millionin about 100 years
• Disease and overwork
• African population grows
• First slaves 1505
• 60,000 in the first 100 years
• Several million after that
• Slaves and Natives treated differently

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Changing Slavery

• Encomienda system
• Claim an area of land
• Natives come with it
• Peonage
• Workers are paid,then given loans
• Forever in debt
• Cant change jobs
• Debt is inherited

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Missionaries

• Goals
• Convert Natives to Catholicism
• Help the poor
• Stick up for Native Americans
• Heal the poor
• Bartolome de las Casas
• Lets treat natives better!
• Use Africans instead!
• Doh!

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Cultural Mix

• Culture became blended
• Spanish government
• Portuguese language
• Native American words
• African music
• Still a very mixed society today more than ours!

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Competition

• Pirates fight for control
• Want prime shipping routes
• Gold
• Sugar
• Mostly Caribbean Islands
• English, French, Dutch, Spanish all battle for
  control

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Section 2.3 Fall of Great Empires

• Summary-
• Conquistadors
• Cortes defeats the Aztecs
• Pizarro conquers the Inca
• Spain destroys native capitals and religion
  replaces with their own.

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A Legend Comes True

• Quetzalcoatl returns
• 1519
• Moctezuma II
• The light-skinned bearded man from the east
• Hernan Cortes

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Cortes and the Aztecs

• He defies orders, leaves port, meets the locals

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• The Expedition
• Display of Force
• Sinking his boats
• Meeting the Tlaxcalans
• Massacre of the Cholulans
• Getting to Tenochtitlan

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Tenochtitlan

• City of Dreams
• Cortes and Montezuma
• Sacrifice at the Temple
• Montezuma Arrested
• Tensions Rise

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War!

• Festival of Huitzilopochtli
• Montezuma Speech
• Noche Triste
• Rebuilding
• Cuauhtémoc Fallen Eagle
• The Return of Cortes

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The End of the Aztec

• 80 Days, house to house
• Cuauhtémoc Captured
• Destruction of Tenochtitlan
• Birth of New Spain

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Pizarro and the Inca

• First trip to Panama 1524
• Second trip to Inca in 1526
• They reach Tumbes
• Wayna Capac gets the word
• Smallpox
• Atahualpa vs. Huascar
• Return to Spain

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Pizarro Returns

• 1532- Back to Tumbes
• Civil War
• Atahualpa ignores Pizarros small group
• Pizarro insults them
• A nervous night
• Friar Vicente

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The Slaughter

• Hethens!
• Prisoner King
• Assassination of Huascar
• Death of Atahualpa
• End of the Inca -1534
• Cuzco and Lima