Title: Genitourinary
1Chapter 12 -1
- Genitourinary
- Reproductive Urinary System
2ROOT
- Cervico- cervix (cervicitis)
- Mamma. Mammo, Masto- mammary gland (mastectomy)
- Phallo- penis (phallopexy)
- Balano- glans penis or glans clitoridis
(balanitis) - Colpo- vagina (colpospasm)
- Episio- vulva (episiotomy)
- Hystero, Metra, Metro- uterus (metrocele)
3ROOT
- Cysto- Bladder (cystocentesis)
- Nephro, Reni, Reno- kidney (nephralgia)
- Oophoro, Ovario- ovary (ovariorrhexis)
- Orchio, Orchido- testes (orchidectomy)
- Pyelo- renal pelvis (pyelopathy)
- Uretero- ureter (ureterolith)
- Urethro- uretra (urethrorrhea)
4URINARY SYSTEM
- ______ and _________waste
- 2 kidneys filters blood -gt urine
- 2 ureters
- Bladder
- Urethra
5KIDNEY
- KIDNEYS (roots nephr, ren, pyel)
- Paired and bean shaped
- Located on both sides of the vertebral column,
beneath/behind the parietal peritoneum___________
____________ - Fixed by renal fasciae and fat
6KIDNEY
- Dark reddish/brown
- (cat yellowish red)
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8KIDNEY - FUNCTION
- Synthesize ___________ and control rate of
secretion - Maintain pH of blood (Neutralizes)
- Filter blood, waste products from metabolism,
which is then excreted in the urine - ________________ from the breakdown of proteins,
toxic substances, mineral salts, excess glucose
and water
9KIDNEY - STRUCTURE
- Concave medial surface is called the __________
(entrance for blood vessels, nerves, and ureter) - Surrounded by a capsule
- The outer portion is called the_________, inner
portion is the_____________
10The MEDULLA is made of MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS. The
PAPILLA of the pyramids lead into the calyces.
- RENAL PELVIS is a funnel-shaped reservoir made up
of CALYCES which are sacs - that collect urine that lead to the ureter
- NOT IN _____________________ (Calyces -gt ureter)
Between the medullary pyramids are extensions of
the cortex called RENAL COLUMNS
11KIDNEY - NEPHRON
- Functional unit of the kidney is the NEPHRON
- (there are 1 million in each kidney)
- The 2 main structures of the nephron are the
- _________________ and the__________________
- The corpuscle contains BOWMANS CAPSULE -gt
- surrounds a round channel of capillaries
collectively called the__________________ - The capillaries are fed by arterioles.
12KIDNEY - NEPHRON
- TUBULES
- PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE,
- DESCENDING LIMB OF THE LOOP OF HENLE,
- ASCENDING LIMB OF THE LOOP OF HENLEY,
- DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE, and
- COLLECTING TUBULE.
- The collecting tubules lead into the
papilla,which brings urine to the calyces.
13KIDNEY
- As blood passes into the glomerular capillaries,
waste products pass through the capillaries into
the tubules. The tubules can secrete substances
back into the blood that are needed by the body. - Blood pressure affects the speed at which blood
filters through the kidney - Shock -gt decrease BP -gt _______________ blood
filtration (stop kidney function) - High systemic pressure -gt ________________ damage
14URETER
- Each kidney has one that extends from the
- renal pelvis to the bladder (2 ureters total).
- The place where the ureters enter the bladder is
the________________ . The enter at an angle, or
obliquely, and open and close as urine pulsates
in, keeping the urine flowing in one direction
toward the bladder. - Urine enters the bladder every 10 to 30 seconds
in spurts that begin as __________________ waves
in the renal pelvis.
15URETER
- The walls of the ureters are made up of an outer
fibrous tissue layer, two central layers of
smooth muscle and a mucous membrane lining.
16BLADDER
- FUNCTION ____________ for urine, excretes urine
into urethra - STRUCTURE elastic, musculomembranous sac that
lies in the pelvis 3 layers of smooth m. - Size changes with the amount of urine that it
contains - Opens into the urethra at the_________. The neck
contains a sphincter muscle that controls urine
flow. - __________________ voiding of urine
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18URETHRA
- Tubular canal that carries urine from the bladder
to exit the body. In males, it also carries
reproductive organ secretions.
____________________________ opening btw
vagina and clitoris in female and also present
in males
19Canine Urolithiasis
- Narrower in males, making
- them more prone to
- blockages from UROLITHIASIS.
- 3 sections in males
- Prostactic
- Membranous
- Cavernous
20URINE
- Usually pale amber in color.
- Horses, hamsters, rabbits have
- cloudy urine that has a basic pH.
- ____________ water, the rest is waste products
- Urinary output amount varies with species,
temperature, water intake, work of the animal - Carnivores acidic urine
21MALE REPRODUCTIVE
- Male gonads__________________________
- Accessory structures
- Ducts
- Glands
- Supporting structures
- Ducts epididymides,____________________
ejaculatory ducts urethra - Accessory sex glands___________________,
prostate, bulbourethral (Cowpers)
22MALE REPRODUCTIVE GLAND
- GONADS TESTES (testicles)
- Egg-shaped glands normally located in
- the sac-like
- SCROTUM
- FUNCTION _____________________and
- secrete TESTOSTERONE
-
23- TUNICA ALBUGINEA capsule (fibrous) that
surrounds each testicle - SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES tube-like structures coiled
in the TESTICLE that produce sperm - Interstitial cells cells of LEYDIG
___________________________
24MALE REPRODUCTIVE
- TESTOSTERONE
- hormone that induces and maintains
________________ characteristics - Influences ____________________________growth
(massive head and shoulders, crest of withers,
tusks on boars and horns on rams) - fluid and electrolyte metabolism as well
- Excitatory effect on the kidney tubule and
suppresses anterior pituitary secretions - CASTRATION surgical removal of the testicles.
Doing so in meat-producing animals after sexual
maturity allows the fat content of the meat to
increase
25Female
Male
26- SPERMATIC CORD
- encases the__________________
- Contains blood vessels, vas deferens, nerves and
lymph vessels
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28EPIDIDYMIS- tightly coiled, tube-like structure
that borders the testicle and acts as a place for
sperm to mature, a place for sperm storage, and
secretes a small portion of semen.
VAS DEFERENS- tubes that continue from the tail
of the epididymis up through the inguinal canal
to the ejaculatory duct, where it meets up with
the seminal vesicles
29ACCESSORY ORGANS
- ACCESSORY SEX GLANDS
- SEMINAL VESICLES
- PROSTATE
- BULBOURTHRAL GLANDS
- EJACULATORY DUCTS-
- Tubes that join the vas deferens with the seminal
vesicles. - Passes through the _______________ gland.
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31ACCESSORY GLANDS
- SEMINAL VESICLES 2 twisted pouches lying on the
dorsal and caudal surfaces of the bladder.
Secrete the mucoid, liquid portion of the semen. - PROSTATE GLAND secretes viscous substance
(alkaline) that is the majority of seminal fluid.
Surrounds the pelvic urethra. - BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS/COWPERS GLANDS located
caudal to seminal vesicles, and lie on each side
of the pelvic urethra. Produce seminal fluid. - Large in boars
- ________________ dont have this
32Accessory Glands
33SCROTUM
- Pendulous, sac-like structure that
- houses the testicles in the inguinal
- region, however located more
- ventral to the anus
- Less pendulous in the ________, _____________,
________________. - Separated into 2 sacs via the scrotal septum.
- Maintains testicles at their proper temperature.
34PENIS
- Erectile tissue encased in a ________________
capsule. - GLANS PENIS terminal end of the penis. Provides
stimulation. - Variations among species cranial end of
stallions has a bulge - Ram has a protrusion of the urethra past the
glans - Bull and ram have a helmet shaped glans
- Boar lacks a glans and ends in a corkscrew
shaped - Dog has a bulbus structure that surrounds a bone
in the penis called the_______________________.
35PENIS
36PENIS
- ERECTION dog and stallion have penises that
contain mostly erectile tissue with little
connective tissue. This allows an erection to be
achieved via blood engorgement. - The bull, ram, and boar have very little erectile
tissue, with mainly connective tissue. An
erection is achieved when the ____________________
_ is straightened due to high pressure within the
urethra when it fills with seminal fluid. - URETHRA runs through the penis and carries both
reproductive secretions and urine out of the
body.