Acids and Bases

1
The Properties of Water (The Universal
Solvent almost)
2


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Polar molecule- a positive and negative side
exist Hydrogen Bonding Attraction between
Positive Hydrogen and nearby Negative elements
3
COHESIONWater sticking to itself
4
ADHESION Water sticking to other polar
surfaces. Hydrophilic a water loving
characteristic
5
CAPILLARY (thin tube or blood vessel) ACTION
the tendency of water to rise in tube
Adhesion Cohesion allows water to climb up
small tubes against gravity. Smaller tube
higher water climbing Capillary action allows
water to rise upward in vascular plants/trees
with the help of transpiration.
6
    Capillary action for wide and narrow
capillaries (tubes)
7
SURFACE TENSION
8
HYDROPHOBIC(water fearing) SUBSTANCES Wax.oil,
fat, lipids.
ex. Waxy cuticle of a leaf(upper side)
9
IMBIBITION
10
EVAPORATION COOLING
Perspiration
11
SOLUTION SOLVENT SOLUTE
12
Acid
gt
Base
gt
Neutral

13
What is pH?
The abbreviation pH stands for the per
Hydronium.
14
0
The pH Scale
1
2
More Acidic H
3
4
5
6
Neutral
7
8
9
10

• Litmus paper

More Basic OH-
11
12
13
14
15
ACIDS

• Taste sour
• Contain H ions
• Conduct electricity
• Turn Litmus paper RED (pheno cloudy)
• pH less than 7
• Neutralize bases
• Dissolve metals
• Denature proteins (meat tenderizer)
• Make cavities

16
BASES (Alkaline)

• Taste bitter/feel slippery
• Contain OH- ions
• Conduct electricity
• Turn Litmus paper BLUE (pheno pink)
• pH level more than 7
• Neutralizes acids
• Dissolves fatty acids
• Breaks up oil and dirt

17
Important Acids Bases

• Ammonia-
• Aluminum Hydroxide-
• Sodium Hydroxide-

• Hydrochloric acid-
• Acetic acid-
• Citric acid-
• Carbonic acid-

18
NEUTRAL

• pH 7
• Acid Base -gt Salt Water (neutralization
  reaction)

19
Acid Rain

• Rain or any other precipitation is naturally
  acidic because it mixes with carbon dioxide and
  forms carbonic acid.
• However, gases released into the atmosphere from
  burning fuels such as coal and oil increase the
  acidity in rain.
• This causes acid rain which can kill animals
  that live in water. Acid rain can also kill
  plants which rely on rain as their water source.