The Golden Age

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The Golden Age
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The Age of Pericles
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3 Goals

• 1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy
• 2. Hold and strengthen the Empire
• 3. Glorify Athens

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Strengthen Democracy

• Increased number of public officials who were
  paid
• Allowed poorer people to participate
• Had more citizens engaged in government
• Introduced Direct Democracy
• Citizens rule directly, not through
  representatives
• Our constitution is called a democracy because
  power is in the hands not of a minority but of
  the whole people.

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Strengthen the Empire

• Athens took control of the Delian League
• Used money from the league to strengthen the
  Athenian navy
• Treated other members of the league as part of
  the Athenian Empire
• Led to some city-states forming a new alliance
  against Athens, led by Sparta

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Glorify Athens

• Used money from the league to beautify Athens
• Bought gold, ivory, and marble
• Paid artists, architects, and workers to use
  these materials

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Architecture

• The Parthenon
• 23,000 square feet
• Traditional style that had been used for 200
  years
• Served as a temple to Athena, goddess of wisdom
  and protector of Athens

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Columns
Doric Capital      Ionic Capital     
Corinthian Capital
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Sculpture

• Graceful, strong, and perfectly formed
• Faces showed neither joy nor anger, only serenity
• Emphasized the body in motion
• The ideal beauty, not realism

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Drama

• Tragedy serious drama about common themes such
  as love, hate, war, or betrayal.
• Comedy contained scenes filled with slapstick
  situations and crude humor. Made fun of
  politicians and respected people and ideas of the
  time.

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Peloponnesian War

• City-states begin to view Athens with hostility
• War between Athens and Sparta seems inevitable
• 431 B.C.- Sparta declares war

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War

• Athens has stronger navy
• Sparta has stronger army
• Pericles strategy is to avoid land battles
• Spartans march into Athenian territory
• Pericles brings all residents inside city walls
  where they would be safe
• 1/3 of Athenian population, including Pericles
  die in a plague
• 421 B.C. sign a truce

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Hostilities renew

• 415 B.C. Athens sends fleet to destroy
  Syracuse, Spartas ally
• 413 B.C. Athenians defeated
• 404 B.C. Athens surrenders
• Athenian Empire comes to an end

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Philosophers

• Determined to seek the truth
• Means lovers of wisdom
• Two assumptions
• The universe is put together in an orderly way,
  and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
• People can understand these laws through logic
  and reason.

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Famous philosophers

• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle

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Socrates

• 470-399 B.C.
• Encouraged students to examine own beliefs
• Asked leading questions Socratic method
• Condemned to death for corrupting the youth of
  Athens and neglecting the citys gods.
• There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil,
  ignorance.
• The unexamined life is not worth living.

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Plato

• 427-347 B.C.
• Student of Socrates
• Famous work, The Republic, set forth his vision
  of a perfectly governed society made up of three
  groups
• Farmers and artisans
• Warriors
• The ruling class person with greatest insight
  and intellect chosen as philosopher king
• Started the Academy which lasted 900 years
• Philosophy begins in wonder.
• The Matrix

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Aristotle

• 384-322 B.C.
• Studied under Plato at the Academy
• Questioned nature of the world and human belief
• Argument according to rules of logic
• Started own school called the Lyceum
• Teacher to Alexander the Great
• He who studies how things originatedwill
  achieve the clearest view of them.