15.4 Essential Question

1
15.4 Essential Question

• EQ
• What were the political parties, platforms,
  candidates, issues, and outcome in the election
  of 1860?

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Lesson 15.4 The Election of 1860

• Today we will identify the political parties,
  platforms, candidates, issues, and outcome in the
  election of 1860.

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Vocabulary

• political party political group organized to
  gain political power by getting its members
  elected to office
• platform a political partys statement of
  beliefs
• candidate person chosen by a political party as
  its contestant for a political office
• issue something people discuss or argue about
• outcome result how an event or a contest turns
  out

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What are the two major political parties today?
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What is a platform?

• A platform is a political partys statement of
  beliefs.

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• Democratic Party
• It is the responsibility of the govt to care for
  all individuals, even if it means giving up
  individual rights.
• Business decisions should be guided by govt
  officials and in the best interest of labor
  unions, and not by individuals alone.
• The Federal govt knows what is best for the
  individual, better that local community or state
  govts..
• Weaker national defense. Negotiate with all
  governments first, even terrorist govts. Ask
  other nations for permission before we act to
  protect ourselves.
• Anti - 2nd Amendment
• Immigration open borders, unconditional amnesty

• Republican Party
• Each person is responsible for his or her own
  place in society.
• Limited intervention by the govt as a catalyst
  of individual prosperity.
• Individual destiny is in the individuals own
  hands.
• Free enterprise has brought economic growth
  innovations and has made this country great.
• Cut govt spending reduce govt waste, and
  reduce welfare program dependency.
• Strong national defense
• PRO - 2nd Amendment
• Legal Immigration following our national laws.
  Only legal immigration. No open borders!

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Who is a candidate for the presidency?
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What is an issue people discuss or argue about
today?
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What We Already Learned

• The Republican Party was formed in 1854, and was
  dedicated to stopping the spread of slavery into
  the territories.

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What We Already Learned

• His debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 made
  Abraham Lincoln a popular figure in the
  Republican Party.

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What We Already Learned

• John Brown attacked a federal arsenal to get
  weapons to start a slave rebellion . . .

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• Southerners were horrified when some Northerners
  seemed to make him out to be a hero.

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The Democratic Party Splinters

• At the Democratic partys convention, Northern
  and Southern Democrats disagreed over the partys
  platform.
• The Southerners wanted a defense of slavery, but
  Northerners supported popular sovereignty.

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The Democratic Party Splinters

• When the Northerners won the platform vote, 50
  Southern delegates walked out of the convention.
• Stephen A. Douglas was the leading contender for
  the partys nomination as presidential candidate,
  but the remaining Southerners rejected him
  because he was so closely associated with popular
  sovereignty.

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The Republican Convention

• New Yorks William Seward was favored to win the
  nomination.

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The Republican Convention

• New Yorks William Seward was favored to win the
  nomination.
• Abraham Lincoln, a lesser-known candidate from
  Illinois, won a surprise victory.

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Democrats Still Divided

• Northern Democrats nominated Douglas.
• Southern Democrats chose Buchanans
  vice-president, John
  Breckinridge of Kentucky.

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Democrats Still Divided

• Northern Democrats nominated Stephen A. Douglas.
• Southern Democrats chose Buchanans
  vice-president, John Breckinridge of Kentucky.
• The Constitutional Union Party nominated John
  Bell of Tennessee.

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The candidates in the 1860 presidential election
differed in their policies.

• Lincoln opposed slaverys expansion into the
  territories.
• Breckinridge wanted the federal government to
  protect slavery in every territory.
• Douglas wanted the slavery question settled
  through popular sovereignty.
• Bell simply wanted to preserve the Union.

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Why did the Democrats have two presidential
candidates in 1860?

1. It was too difficult for one candidate to do all
   the traveling necessary to win votes.
2. Southern Democrats wanted a defense of slavery,
   but Northern Democrats supported popular
   sovereignty.
3. They hoped that one of the two candidates would
   appeal to enough voters to win.
4. Most Northern Democrats were abolitionists and
   couldnt get along with the Southerners.

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Why did the Democrats have two presidential
candidates in 1860?

1. It was too difficult for one candidate to do all
   the traveling necessary to win votes.
2. Southern Democrats wanted a defense of slavery,
   but Northern Democrats supported popular
   sovereignty.
3. They hoped that one of the two candidates would
   appeal to enough voters to win.
4. Most Northern Democrats were abolitionists and
   couldnt get along with the Southerners.

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Lincoln defeated Douglas in the North
Breckinridge carried most of the South. The
North had more electoral votes than the South, so
Lincoln WON the election.
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A Republican Victory

• Lincoln had promised that he would do nothing to
  abolish slavery in the South.
• Southerners were sure that he would ban slavery,
  and saw the Republican victory as a threat to the
  Southern way of life.

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What four parties had presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Northern Democrats
2. Southern Democrats
3. Know-Nothing Party
4. Republicans
5. Constitutional Union Party
6. Free Soil Party

Choose all that are true!
25
What four parties had presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Northern Democrats
2. Southern Democrats
3. Know-Nothing Party
4. Republicans
5. Constitutional Union Party
6. Free Soil Party

Choose all that are true!
26
What four parties had presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Northern Democrats
2. Southern Democrats
3. Know-Nothing Party
4. Republicans
5. Constitutional Union Party
6. Free Soil Party

Choose all that are true!
27
What four parties had presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Northern Democrats
2. Southern Democrats
3. Know-Nothing Party
4. Republicans
5. Constitutional Union Party
6. Free Soil Party

Choose all that are true!
28
What four parties had presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Northern Democrats
2. Southern Democrats
3. Know-Nothing Party
4. Republicans
5. Constitutional Union Party
6. Free Soil Party

Choose all that are true!
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1. Who were the four presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Stephen Douglas
2. John Crittenden
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. John Bell
5. John C. Fremont
6. John Breckinridge

Choose all that are true!
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1. Who were the four presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Stephen Douglas
2. John Crittenden
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. John Bell
5. John C. Fremont
6. John Breckinridge

Choose all that are true!
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1. Who were the four presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Stephen Douglas
2. John Crittenden
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. John Bell
5. John C. Fremont
6. John Breckinridge

Choose all that are true!
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1. Who were the four presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Stephen Douglas
2. John Crittenden
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. John Bell
5. John C. Fremont
6. John Breckinridge

Choose all that are true!
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1. Who were the four presidential candidates in
the 1860 election?

1. Stephen Douglas
2. John Crittenden
3. Abraham Lincoln
4. John Bell
5. John C. Fremont
6. John Breckinridge

Choose all that are true!
34
Match the candidates in the 1860 presidential
election with their policies.

1. Lincoln
2. Breckinridge
3. Douglas
4. Bell

1. Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of
   slavery
2. Opposed slaverys expansion into the territories
3. Wanted the federal government to protect slavery
   in every territory
4. Wanted to settle the slavery question through
   popular sovereignty

35
Match the candidates in the 1860 presidential
election with their policies.

1. Lincoln
2. Breckinridge
3. Douglas
4. Bell

1. Opposed slaverys expansion into the territories
2. Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of
   slavery
3. Wanted the federal government to protect slavery
   in every territory
4. Wanted to settle the slavery question through
   popular sovereignty

36
Match the candidates in the 1860 presidential
election with their policies.

1. Lincoln
2. Breckinridge
3. Douglas
4. Bell

1. Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of
   slavery
2. Wanted the federal government to protect slavery
   in every territory
3. Opposed slaverys expansion into the territories
4. Wanted to settle the slavery question through
   popular sovereignty

37
Match the candidates in the 1860 presidential
election with their policies.

1. Lincoln
2. Breckinridge
3. Douglas
4. Bell

1. Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of
   slavery
2. Opposed slaverys expansion into the territories
3. Wanted to settle the slavery question through
   popular sovereignty
4. Wanted the federal government to protect slavery
   in every territory

38
Match the candidates in the 1860 presidential
election with their policies.

1. Lincoln
2. Breckinridge
3. Douglas
4. Bell

1. Opposed slaverys expansion into the territories
2. Wanted the federal government to protect slavery
   in every territory
3. Wanted to settle the slavery question through
   popular sovereignty
4. Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of
   slavery

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Lesson 15.4b Lincolns Election and Southern
Secession

• Today we will explain why the Southern states
  seceded, as well as the Unions response to
  secession.

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Vocabulary

• secede withdraw or resign from a political or
  religious association
• response an answer or reply, either in words or
  in action
• diminished reduced in size or importance

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What does it mean to secede?

• To secede is to withdraw, as the South did, from
  the Union.

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What We Already Learned

• The Democratic Party split in 1860 over
  disagreements over slavery and popular
  sovereignty.

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What We Already Learned

• Lincoln defeated three (3) other candidates to
  win the election of 1860.

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What We Already Learned

• Many Southerners had warned that Lincolns
  election would lead to secession of the Southern
  states.

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Why did the South secede?

• There were many factors beyond slavery that led
  to the secession of the South.
• Differences in Culture
• Differences in Economy
• Differences in Political Philosophy
• Diminished Influence
• Over-estimation of the Souths Importance
• Lincolns Election

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Differences in Culture

• aristocratic and stratified in the SOUTH vs.
  democratic and fluid in the NORTH

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Differences in Economy

• Slave labor in the South vs.
  free labor in the North

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Differences in Economy

• Agrarian South vs. industrial North

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Differences in Political Philosophy

• Compact Theory v. Permanent Union

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Diminished Political and Economic Influence
North
South
North
South

• The growing population wealth of the North
  made the South feel less important than it once
  had felt.

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Overestimation of the South's Economic Importance

• Belief that the Norths economy could not survive
  without Southern cotton.

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Lincoln's election

• Viewed by Southerners as a threat to slavery

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Southern States Secede

• Secessionists argued that since the states had
  voluntarily joined the Union, they had the right
  to leave it.
• This was the compact theory of government that
  had been supported by Southerners for generations.

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Southern States Secede

• On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the
  first state to secede.
• Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia,
  and Florida followed within six (6) weeks.

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The Confederate States of America Formed

• February 1861 Jefferson Davis elected president
• The Confederate Constitution supported states
  rights and protected slavery in the Confederacy.
• How would the Union government respond?

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Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln
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Who was Jefferson Davis?

• Jefferson Davis was the first President of the
  Confederate States of America.

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2. How did white Southerners view Lincolns
election as president?
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2. How did White Southerners view Lincolns
election as president?

1. They viewed it with laughter, since they had just
   seceded.
2. They saw it as a as a threat to slavery and to
   their way of life.
3. To them, it was an example of popular
   sovereignty.
4. They saw it as a crooked election, with thousands
   of phony votes cast.

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2. How did White Southerners view Lincolns
election as president?

1. They viewed it with laughter, since they had just
   seceded.
2. They saw it as a as a threat to slavery and to
   their way of life.
3. To them, it was an example of popular
   sovereignty.
4. They saw it as a crooked election, with thousands
   of phony votes cast.

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3. How did the Southern states react to the
election of President Lincoln?
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3. How did the Southern states react to the
election of President Lincoln?

1. They beginning impeachment proceedings
   immediately.
2. They threatened to withhold their tariff duties
   until he resigned.
3. They seceded from the Union.
4. They refused to send their representatives to
   Congress that year.

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3. How did the Southern states react to the
election of President Lincoln?

1. They beginning impeachment proceedings
   immediately.
2. They threatened to withhold their tariff duties
   until he resigned.
3. They seceded from the Union.
4. They refused to send their representatives to
   Congress that year.

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4. How did Southerners justify secession?
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4. How did Southerners justify secession?

1. They had not voted for Lincoln, so they did not
   recognize him as president.
2. Since the states had voluntarily joined the
   Union, they also had the right to leave the
   Union.
3. Lincoln's election had been illegal, so they
   didn't have to accept the result.
4. Lincoln had announced his plans to abolish
   slavery, so they had a right to secede in defense
   of their culture.
5. The Crittenden Compromise had included a
   secession clause, which they now were fulfilling.

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4. How did Southerners justify secession?

1. They had not voted for Lincoln, so they did not
   recognize him as president.
2. Since the states had voluntarily joined the
   Union, they also had the right to leave the
   Union.
3. Lincoln's election had been illegal, so they
   didn't have to accept the result.
4. Lincoln had announced his plans to abolish
   slavery, so they had a right to secede in defense
   of their culture.
5. The Crittenden Compromise had included a
   secession clause, which they now were fulfilling.

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The Union Responds to Secession

• Buchanan argued against secession the federal
  government was sovereign, secession threatened
  majority rule.
• Southerners complained that Northerners were
  antislavery bullies.
• Northerners accused Southerners of ignoring the
  rules of democracy.

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Efforts to Compromise Fail

• The Crittenden Plan
• re-establish Missouri Compromise line
• permit slavery in the territories until statehood
  
• other protections of slavery and the slave trade

John J. Crittenden
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Efforts to Compromise Fail

• Political leaders in both the North and the South
  worked on the Crittenden Plan in the hope that it
  would keep the Union together, but it failed to
  pass in Congress.

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Lincolns Inauguration

• Lincoln assured the South that he had no
  intention of abolishing slavery, but he spoke
  forcefully against secession.

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We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be
enemies. Though passion may have strained, it
must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic
chords of memory, stretching from every
battle-field and patriot grave, to every living
heart and hearthstone, all over this broad land,
will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when
again touched, as surely they will be, by the
better angels of our nature.
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As President, Lincoln wanted no invasion,
but would not abandon Union government
forts in the South.
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These forts, including Fort Sumter in South
Carolina, would soon need to be resupplied.
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5. What message did President Lincoln try to give
to the Southern states in in his inaugural
address?
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5. What message did President Lincoln try to give
to the Southern states in his inaugural address?

1. Argument that the compact theory did not support
   secession
2. Assurances to the South that he would not abolish
   slavery
3. Strong statement against secession
4. Threats to use military force against the South
   if it did not return to the Union at once
5. A promise never to keep slavery out of the
   territories

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5. What message did President Lincoln try to give
to the Southern states in his inaugural address?

1. Argument that the compact theory did not support
   secession
2. Assurances to the South that he would not abolish
   slavery
3. Strong statement against secession
4. Threats to use military force against the South
   if it did not return to the Union at once
5. A promise never to keep slavery out of the
   territories