Pork CRC

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Pork CRC Sub-Program 1b

• Quality assessment of feed ingredients

Objectives Research Strategies
John Black Sub-Program Coordinator
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Quality assessment of feed ingredients

• Components
• Adoption, enhancement maintenance of NIR
  calibrations for measurement of energy value of
  cereal grains
• Rapid methods for measuring the nutritional value
  of pulses and protein rich ingredients
• Novel processing methods to increase energy and
  protein yield from target grains other
  ingredients

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Background

• Premium Grains for Livestock Program
• Understand the reasons for variation in the
  nutritional value of cereal grains for different
  animal types (sheep, cattle, pigs, broilers,
  layers)
• Improve Nutritional Value of cereal grains
  through processing, breeding storage
• Develop rapid methods for measuring determinants
  of grain quality NIR calibrations
• Develop a rational basis for trading grains for
  livestock based on rapid measurement of quality

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Energy value of grains for animals

• Cereal grains are fed to livestock as a source of
  energy because of their high starch content
• Available (digestible energy) content (MJ/kg)
• Intake (kg/d) influenced by rate of passage
• Available energy intake (MJ/d) total energy
  available for production
• Total available energy expressed as
• DE for pigs, but proportion digested in small
  intestines is important for determining the
  energy available for metabolism

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Range in available energy (MJ/kg DM)

• PGLP Results
• Wheat Barley Triticale
  Sorghum
• Faecal DE 12.4-15.0 10.6-14.7 12.3-16.5
  15.5-16.6
• Ileal DE 10.1-15.7 6.7-14.0
  9.0-14.7 10.2-15.3
• IlealFaecal 0.71-0.91 0.58-0.87
  0.64-0.89 0.81-0.91
• Very wide variation in energy availability across
  and within grain species

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Barley and Wheat micrographs
Barley (20X)
Wheat (20X)
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Cost of variation in available energy

• A 5 change in the digestible energy value of
  wheat (0.7MJ/kg) - 190/t
• Changes annual profitability of a 200 sow piggery
  by 7,500
• Kopinski PRDC Report
• 1 MJ/kg changes value of grain by 14.30/t
• Edwards PGLP report

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No relationship between available energy content
and intake
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Relationship between available energy content and
intake - Pigs
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(No Transcript)
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Protein Matrix Sorghum?-kafirin proteins high
S bonds
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Micrwaved sorghum
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Pig Faecal DE effect of processing
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PGLP NIR CalibrationsPig faecal DE
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PGLP NIR CalibrationsPig ileal DE
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Research Strategies for 1b

• Enhance NIR calibrations for predicting the
  nutritional quality of feed ingredients for pigs
  (available energy content (MJ/kg - faecal
  ileal), DE intake (MJ/d), growth and FCR)
• Cereal grains (wheat, barley, triticale
  sorghum)
• Pulses
• Heat treated canola meal milk products
• Use ileal, faecal digestion trials separate
  intake and growth trials with young pigs
• Grains selected carefully from sub-program 1a
  other sources special attention to sorghum
  cultivars performance re wheat
• Alternate years of cereal grains pulses
  protein meals
• Deliver Rapid on site measurement of
  ingredient quality

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Research Strategies for 1b

• Develop processing methods for improving the
  utilisation of feed ingredients by pigs
• Examine PGLP grains showing wide variation using
  a suite of diagnostic tools (Microscopy,
  differential scanning calorimetry, solid state
  NMR, X-ray diffraction, particle sizing, RVA,
  DCS, invitro amylase etc.)
• Develop validate a lab model of pig digestion
  for screening grains and processing techniques
• Special attention to sorghum breaking ?-kafirin
  bonds (chemical, enzymic, genetic enzyme
  production)
• Small scale processing screening
• In vivo pig digestion
• Commercial processing trials commercialisation
• Novel methods to increase nutrient availability