Term to Know about Evolution

1
Term to Know about Evolution
2
Evolution the process by which populations
accumulate inherited changes over time
3
Fossils the solidified remains or imprints of
once-living organisms
4
Fossil record a historical sequence of life
indicated by fossils found in layers of the
Earths crust
5
Adaptation a hereditary characteristic that
helps an organism survive and reproduce in its
environment
6
Traits - a distinguishing quality that can be
passed from one generation to another
7
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) was an English
naturalist who achieved fame by convincing the
scientific community that species develop over
time from a common origin. His theories
explaining this phenomenon through natural and
sexual selection are central to the modern
understanding of evolution.
8
Inherit to receive characteristics from parents
9
Natural selection the process by which an
organism with favorable traits survive and
reproduce at a higher rate than organisms without
the favorable trait
10
Speciation the process by which two populations
of the same species become so different that they
can no longer interbreed The three steps
speciation separation, adaptation, division
11
Causes of changes in Evolution and Speciation
weather Land Water Food Other species
Survival of the fittest Mimicry Camouflage Warni
ng coloration DNA Mutation Catastrophic event
12
Selective breeding - the intentional mating of
two animals in an attempt to produce offspring
with desirable characteristics or for the
elimination of a trait
13
Dominant traits - a trait observed when at one
dominant allele for a characteristic is
inherited Recessive trait a trait that is
apparent only when two recessive alleles for the
characteristic are inherited
14
DNA- DeoxyriboNucleic Acid hereditary material
that controls all the activities of a cell,
contains the information to make new cells, and
provides instructions for making proteins
15
Mutation - a change in the order of the bases in
an organisms DNA deletion, insertion, or
substitution Mutagen anything that can damage
or cause changes in DNA
16
(No Transcript)
17
"Darwin's Eden"Watch the Scientific American
Frontiers special Voyage to the Galapagos (Show
1001), and then test your knowledge by answering
the following questions.1. All the animals in
the Galapagos exhibit this unusual trait in the
presence of people.2. Darwin referred to them
as "aboriginal species." Biologists today call
them a. endemic species. b. endangered
species. c. extinct species. d. primitive
species.
18
"Evolving Beaks"3. The 13 species of these
birds, made famous by Darwin, are a classic
example of how living things adapt to their
environment. a. mockingbirds b. finches c.
parrots d. boobies 4. According to Darwin, the
driving force of evolution is
19
"Lizards of the Sea"5. How did large land
animals get to the Galápagos?6. The 1997-98 El
Niño was especially devastating for marine
iguanas because it (choose two) a. made ocean
water colder. b. killed the algae. c. made
ocean water warmer. d. caused predators to
invade.
20
"Masked Killers"7. According to biologist Dave
Anderson, about ___ of eggs laid by the masked
booby hatch. a. 10 b. 25 c. 60 d. 75 8.
Anderson's observations suggest that for masked
boobies, "siblicide" is a successful adaptive
behavior because
21
"Paradise Lost?"9. What caused land iguanas to
became extinct on Santiago?10. In tortoises and
other reptiles, the sex of the offspring depends
upon the a. ocean temperature. b. weather. c.
time of year when eggs were laid. d. temperature
of the nest.