QI%20Biology%20Review

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QI Biology Review
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What is an observation?

• Information or data collected with the senses

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What is an hypothesis and where does it come from?

• A hypothesis is a possible answer/educated guess
  that comes from prior knowledge, logical
  inference or imagination

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How do we test an hypothesis?

• They are tested using a controlled experiment or
  by gathering more data

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What is a controlled experiment and what its
purpose?

• A controlled experiment is one in which only one
  variable is changed at a time and one group has
  no treatment to use as a comparison.

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What is a theory and is it developed quickly?

• A Theory is a well tested explanation, may take
  years to develop.

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What do light microscopes make possible?

• They allow us to see things that could not be
  seen otherwise.

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What is homeostasis?

• To maintain a stable
• internal environment

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What are the four groups of macromolecules?

• They are Carbohydrates,
• Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Proteins

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What are the subunits of each of these molecules?

• Carbohydrates Simple Sugars
• Lipids Glycerol Fatty Acids
• Nucleic Acids Nucleotides
• Proteins Amino Acids

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What are monosaccharides and polysaccharides?

• Monosaccharides simple sugars
• Polysaccharides large molecule of simple sugars

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What type of macromolecule is DNA and what does
it contain?

• DNA is a nucleic acid and it contains a sugar,
  phosphate group and base

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What is an enzyme and what type of macromolecule
is it?

• Enzymes are proteins that act as biological
  catalysts.

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How does an enzyme speed up a chemical reaction?

• An enzyme speeds up a reaction by lowering the
  activation energy.

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Does an enzyme get used up in a reaction?

• Enzymes just provide a site for reactions, they
  are not used up!

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What affects enzyme activity?

• Enzymes are affected by temperature pH

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Why is normal body temperature important?

• Enzymes work best at normal body temperature.

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How are prokaryotic cells different than
eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells dont have a nucleus.

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What is an example of a prokaryotic cell?

• An example of a prokaryotic cell is bacteria.

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What are examples of a eukaryotic cells?

• Examples are plant
• and animal cells.

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What is a virus?

• Viruses are particles of Nucleic Acid with a
  protein coat.

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What structures would find in a plant cell but
not an animal cell?

• Plants cells have a cell wall,
• chloroplasts and a large central vacuole

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What controls the movement of materials in and
out of a cell?

• The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves
  the cell

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How would you describe the structure of the cell
membrane?

• It is a double layer of lipids with proteins.

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What is the difference between osmosis and
diffusion?

• Diffusion is any material and osmosis is the
  movement of water. No energy required!

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Describe active transport.

• Transport of molecules from low concentration to
  high usually with carrier proteins.
• Requires energy from the cell.

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What is the difference between pinocytosis and
phagocytosis?

• Cellular eating
• Cellular drinking