Introduction to the Cell

1
Introduction to the Cell

• Chapter 7.1

2
Introduction to the Cell

• Cell- smallest unit of matter that can carry on
  all of the processes of life
• Hooke and Leeuwenhoek used microscopes to see
  first images of cells in the 1600-1700s.

3
The Cell Theory

• a. All living things are composed of cells
• b. Cells are the basic units of structure and
  function in an organism (smallest living unit).
• c. Cells come only from the reproduction of
  existing cells (cells come from cells).

4
Cells Size

• Limited in size because of surface to area ratio
• If a cell gets too big the nutrients and wastes
  do not have enough surface area to come into /
  out of the cell

5
Shape

• A cells shape is usually associated with its job.

6
Internal Organization

• Cells contain many organelles
• Def cell component that performs specific
  functions for the cell
• Like mini organs
• Cell membranes surround cell and decides what
  goes in and out of the cell.
• Nucleus contains genetic information (DNA), which
  controls the cell.

7
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic

• Eukaryotic
• Cell that has membrane bound organelles
• More complex
• Plant and animal cells
• -YOU are a eukaryote!

• Prokaryotic
• Has membrane around entire cell
• No organelles
• No nucleus
• bacteria

8
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic
9
Bill Nye Discovery of Cells
10
Organelles

• Inside the Eukaryotic Cell
• 7.2

11
Cell Membrane

• The lipid bilayer that surrounds the cell

12
Cell Membrane cont.

• Controls what enters/leaves the cell
• Selectively permeable allows some substances to
  enter while not allowing others to enter
• Sometimes have proteins integrated into the
  layer, some are on either side of the bilayer

13
(No Transcript)
14
All cells have

• Cytoplasm-a jelly like substance that fills the
  cell within the cell membrane.
• Ribosomes- the cellular
• structure where proteins
• are made.

15
Nucleus

• Contains DNA, hereditary info.
• Surrounded by the nuclear membrane
• Also has a nucleolus where ribosomes are made.
• The cells brain.

16
Mitochondria

• Site of chemical reactions that produce ATP
  (energy).
• Have folded center to allow for more surface area
  for production of ATP
• Have their own DNA
• Many of them in the cell

17
Ribosomes

• Numerous some are free floating others are
  attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Play a large role in the production of proteins

18
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Act as highway for proteins and other substances,
  has many different channels
• Rough ER ribosomes make proteins, ER ships them
  off
• Smooth ER makes steroids, regulates calcium,
  and breaks down toxins

19
Lysosome

• Uses enzymes to digest/break down organic
  compounds, old cell parts and other materials

20
Golgi Apparatus

• Processes and packages cells proteins

21
Cytoskeleton

• Provides support and allows movement like a
  humans skeleton.

22
Cilia and Flagella

• Cilia
• Found on outside of the cell
• Aid in movement
• Hair-like structures
• Cilia are short and come in large numbers

• Flagella
• Found on out side of the cell
• Aid in movement
• Hair-like structures
• Flagella usually come in 1-3.

23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
Plant vs. Animal Cells

• Both plants and animals have more complex
  eukaryotic cells.
• However there are some differences in there
  structure.

27
Plant Cells

• Have cell wall for structural support- like plant
  bones
• Has large vacuoles for storage of water and
  toxins
• Have Chloroplasts that convert light into
  chemical energy

28
Animal Cells

• No cell wall, just a cell membrane.
• No chloroplasts.
• No vacuole.

29
Levels of Organization

• From Cells to Organisms
• 7.3

30
Multicellular Organization

• Cell
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ System
• Organisms

31
Multicellular Organization
CellThe smallest unit of life. Tissue A group
of similar cells that are working together.
Examples Muscle tissue or bone tissue. Organ
Similar tissues organized into a structure with a
specific function. Examples Heart, bones,
liver.
32
Multicellular Organization
Organ system- Various organs working together to
carry out a major body function. Examples
digestive system, urinary system, reproductive
system. Organism-Any living thing that can carry
out life processes independently.