The Moon

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The Moon Backwards

• Peter A. Garretson

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Our leadership says we will be there.
America will return to the Moon as early as 2015
and no later than 2020 and use it for a stepping
stone for more ambitious missions. A series of
robotic missions to the Moon...will explore the
lunar surface beginning no later than 2008 to
research and prepare for future human
exploration. Using the Crew Exploration Vehicle,
humans will conduct extended lunar missions as
early as 2015, with the goal of living and
working there for increasingly extended periods."
--President Bush Statement on New Space
Initiative
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Competition!
The Dragon in Space

• 2003 saw launch to and return from Space of the
  first astronaut by China.
• China's GNP now exceeds where we were when we
  began the Apollo Program.

If reports of a manned landing by 2010 are
exaggerated, Ouyang Ziyuan was willing to say
that he could foresee manned outposts on the Moon
in the long-term, "perhaps by 2020 or 2030". The
Moon could serve as a new and tremendous supplier
of energy and resources for human beings," he
said. "This is crucial to sustainable development
of human beings on Earth." "Whoever first
conquers the Moon will benefit first," Mr Ouyang
added. "As for China, it needs to adopt a
strategy based on its concrete economic power and
technology level. "We are also looking further
out into the Solar System - to Mars." --Ouyang
Ziyuan, chief scientist of China's Moon
exploration programme
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Competition!

• "We are planning to build a permanent base on the
  moon by 2015 and by 2020 we can begin the
  industrial-scale delivery ... of the rare isotope
  Helium-3," Nikolai Sevastyanov, head of the
  Energia space corporation, was quoted by
  ITAR-TASS news agency as saying at an academic
  conference.

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Location The moon is close
Just 60-70 hours away (3 days) 238,712 mi
(384,400 km)
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Location
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Location

• The moon is a strategic position, everyone must
  pass by it to go anywhere else

LOC Control The equivalent of the Rock of
Gibraltar
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Location

• The moon is a fueling station and safe harbor,
  not unlike Hawaii in the age of coal

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Location

• The moon is a stable platform from which to view
  the earth and stars

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Land

• More surface area than all of Africa

Surface Area - 14,657,449 mi sq. (37,958,621 km
sq.) 9.4 billion acres
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Resources

• The moon is rich, and you dont have to carry its
  wealth up the gravity well

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Resources Iron
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Resources Titanium
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Resources Rare Earths
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Energy Security

• The moon has virtually unlimited He3
• About 1 million tons of helium 3 on the moon,
  enough to power the world for thousands of years
• He3 costs about 6B/ton on earth
• He3 can be burned for propulsion now

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Energy Security

• The moon has virtually unlimited materials for
  Solar Power Station Construction

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Facts

• It takes less energy, and is technically less
  complex (no atmosphere or aerodynamics) to get
  materials from the Moon to LEO than to get the
  materials from the Earth to LEO.
• There are adequate materials on the Moon
  (aluminum, titanium, iron, oxygen, silicon) to
  construct many objects of interest (Rocket
  Motors, Fuel Tanks, Shelters, etc.)

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22 times less energy!

• 1/6th Earths Gravity (0.1622 gee) but
• It takes more than 21.7 times the energy to get
  the same payload off the Earth!
• lunar escape velocity of 2.4 km/s
• Earth Escape velocity 11.2 km/s
• A Lot Less Propellant!
• A Lot Higher Payload Mass Fraction!
• And no Air Resistance or Drag
• Allows expansion of CIS-Lunar Mass by 1 to 2
  orders of magnitude

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A Logos Study said

• Payload Mass Fraction Earth to LEO 1.5
• Payload Mass Fraction, Lunar Surface to Low Lunar
  Orbit (LLO) 50 Escape 35
• To put 2,400 tons into CIS-Lunar space (L2) would
  take
• 35 launches in the first 5 years (Titan IVB) to
  put 3T on the Moon, or
• 810 launches over 15 years

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Dennis Wingo Says

• 3 Billion Metric Tons of impact metal having 62
  million Kilos of Platinum Group Metals
• A Single Diablo Canyon size impactor would have
  left between 450 million to 1.77 billion tons of
  economically recoverable nickel/iron/cobalt/PGM
  material, worth around 20 Trillion

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But Lee Morin says

• 100,000/lbanything you can make from lunar
  materials has an intrinsic value add of
  100,000/lb
• We can only get 10 of the mass we can get to LEO
  to the Lunar Surface (one way)
• Surveyor was 408 kg or 900 lbs
• Apollo was 6,900 kg or 15,211 lbs
• Actual Deliverable with COTS 1000 kg
• Compound Interest If a 1000 kg seed can
  replicate 114 grams an hour, it doubles every year

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Wouldnt it be nice?

• How nice it would be if the first new visitors to
  the Moon could be picked up in Earth orbit, and
  be taken to a fully outfitted base. Would it not
  be nice if the first guests to the Moon could be
  paying guests as they are on the first flight of
  an Airliner? How could we make this happen?

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Here is the basic idea

• Dont lift fuel and spaceships from the Earth to
  get to the Moon in order to then build a colony
  there. Rather, build the colony and space-ships
  on the Moon where the gravity well is small, and
  send the fuel and spaceships.

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Queens and Workers

• Workers feed Queen
• Queen makes Workers (Diggers)

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Operational Phases

• Phase 0 Design
• Phase 1 Send the Team
• Phase 2 Digger Replication
• Phase 3 Colony Split
• Phase 4 Base Construction
• Phase 5 Spaceship Construction
• Phase 6 Ferry to Lunar Orbit
• Phase 7 Ferry to Earth Orbit
• Phase 8 Stable Ops

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Phase 0 Design

• Digger Queen Replication with maximum use of
  Lunar materials and minimum vitamins from Earth
• Keep Total Mass Small

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A lesson from nature

• Specialization

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Screen Manufacturing

• Extrude Screen to make multiple objects
• Foil, or inflatables may also be appropriate

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Sheet Metal Working

• Simple, well-known techniques
• Create a variety of complex shapes

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Vapor Deposition Process

• Successive deposition of layers (Iron, Titanium,
  Silicon) over mesh to create
• Solid Complex shapes, structural members, ICs
  and pressure volumes

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Phase 1 Send the Team

• One Queen and two Diggers

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Phase 2 Digger Replication

• Diggers bring the raw materials to the queen,
  which the queen processes

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Digger Replication
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Phase 3 Colony Split
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Phase 4 Base Construction

• Create Pressure Vessels
• Fill them with Lunar Oxygen

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Phase 4 Base Construction

• Pave Landing Zones
• Pave Solar Cells
• Burry Pressure Vessels

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Phase 5 Spaceship Construction

• Even rocket engines can be made
• Launch is simplified
• No Atmosphere no Shrouds
• No volume, aero constraints

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Phase 6 Ferry to Lunar Orbit

• Launch both pressure vessels and propellant
• Use precious metals (PGMs) as the pressure vessels

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Phase 7 Ferry to Earth Orbit

• Roomy vessels only need to be furnished
• Arrive in LEO ready for pick-up
• People only need to get to LEO

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Phase 8 Stable Ops

• First visitors arrive to a spacious facility

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Stable Ops

• Living Quarters for Industry
• Living Quarters for Tourism
• Living Quarters for Exploration

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Future Growth

• Mass Driver
• Lunar Elevator

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Future Growth

• Lunar Observation
• Lunar GPS
• LIDAR / EO/ IR / SAR
• Lunar Com Relay
• Cell-Phone
• Internet

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Future Growth

• Earth Staring Telescopes
• Sky Survey

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Future Growth

• Manufacture
• ICs, Satellites, Turbine Blades,
  Pharmaceuticals, Jewelry,
• Nanoparticles (aluminum)

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Future Growth

• Near Earth Asteroid dead comet exploitation
• Mining for metals
• Mining for carbon
• Mining for ice

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Future Growth

• Dredge the Harbor
• Planetary Defense

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Future Growth

• Space Solar Power
• Lunar Solar Power

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Future Growth

• A new population Center
• An insurance policy for humanity

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Future Growth

• Fusion?
• Helium 3?
• Power for Earth
• Power for Exploration

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Energy Resources
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World Trends

• Demand Doubles, CO2 Skyrockets

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Temperatures Rise
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Were gonna need it!
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The Old View of Space

• Orbital
• State-owned
• Com / Nav
• The High Ground

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The New View of Space

• CIS-Lunar
• Commercial
• The Ocean
• New roles and missions
• Energy Security
• Coast Guard
• Planetary Defense
• LOC investment protection

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Questions?
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Solar Power Satellites

• "because of large scale operation of the system,
  delivered power costs are predicted to be
  competitive with coal or nuclear power plants. 
  For example, if a 12.5 billion (2,500 per
  kilowatt in 1981 dollars) system capable of 5,000
  megawatt output were purchased, it might cost
  around 78 billion over 40 years to own and
  operate it (12 billion in depreciation plus 21
  billion interest at 12 percent, 33 billion
  earnings at 18 percent, plus 12 billion in
  operating expenses, taxes, and other costs).  The
  station would deliver.  Hence, the average cost
  of the power delivered is under five cents per
  kilowatt hour.  A comprehensive assessment of a
  1.6 trillion kilowatt hours of power over 40
  years representative space based energy system
  was conducted by the Department of Energy from
  1977 to 1981.  Their evaluation did not reveal
  any technological barriers....Finally,
  demonstration of cost attainability for key
  system elements would be required prior to
  seeking funds for full scale implementation. 
  (High Frontier, pg. 34)

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A Fundamental Strategic Choice

• LIMITS OF GROWTH
• BE TOP DOG IN A WORLD OF SCARCITY
• Reduce your Lifestyle
• Keep others down
• Take what you can
• Old Fashioned Population and Resource Control
  (War)
• Limits or Conflict

• ABUNDANCE IN SPACE
• GLOBAL ENERGY SECURITY BY INVESTMENT
• Find and Secure New Energy Sources for the World
• Export Security
• Continue Demographic Shift
• Bridge to Further Resources
• Activist Ecological Control