http://festival.1september.ru/articles/556473/

1
??????? ????

• 1660 - 1731

2

• ???? ?? ?????? ?.???? "??????????? ?????????
  ?????"
• ???????? ????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ?????
  ? ??????????
• http//festival.1september.ru/articles/556473/

3
??????? ???? (Daniel Defoe)

• ??????? ??? ?????? Daniel Foe ????? 1660 ?
  ??????????. ???? 26 ?????? 1731 ? ????????. ???
  ???? ??? ????????. ????? 1703 ??????? ?????????
  ??????? ?? ????.
• Daniel Defoe was born in London in 1660, probably
  in September, third child and first son of James
  and Mary Foe. His father was a butcher. Later
  Daniel added particle de to his name.

4
???????????

• ?????? ? ????? ??.?????? ? ????????, ????? ?
  ???????? ?.??????? ? ?????-??????????, ??????????
  ???????? ??? ???????????????? ??????.
• He received a very good education, as his father
  hoped he would become a minister. His father
  sent him to a boarding school, after which he
  attended Morton's Academy. He was a very good
  student . but he changed his mind and started a
  career of a merchant in Cornhill but went
  bankrupt in 1691.

5
??????????????? ??????? ????

• ? 1681 ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ??
  ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????.
• ????????? ????? ???????? ? ???????, ????? ?????
  ?? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???
  ?????????? ????????? ????????????, ????? ???????
  ???????????, ? ????? ? ??????????
  ????????-??????????? ??????.
• ????????, ??? ? ?????? ?? 1685 ?? ???? ?????
  ???????? ? ?????????? ???? ????? ? ???? ?
  ????????? ???????, ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????????.

6
???????????

• ? 1684 ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????, ???????
  ?????? ??? ????????? ?????. ???? ????? ????????
  ???????? ? 3700 ?????? ??????????.
• ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ????????????
  ????????????? ?????????, ?????? ? 1692 ? ????????
  ????, ? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????
  ???????????, ??????? 17 ????? ?????? ??????????.
• But he changed his mind and started a career of
  a merchant in Cornhill but went bankrupt in 1691.
  

7
???????????? ????????????

• ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????
  ?????? ???????.
• ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????,
  ??????? ??????? ?????? ????, ????? ???????,
  ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????
  ?????????????? ????????. ?????? ????????? ????
  ??????? ?????????, ? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??
  ?????????????.
• ? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????????
  ???? ???????? ? ???????????? ????????????.
• ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????????
  ?????????, ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????
  ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????????????.

????????? ????????
???? ??????
?????? ???????
8

• Defoe was extremely active and energetic. He
  travelled widely, both in England and abroad. He
  went to Spain, Italy, Germany and France He took
  part in Monmouth Revolution and had to live in
  hiding after its failure. In 1688 he joined the
  army of William the Orange and became his leading
  pamphlet-writer

9
???????????? ????????????

• ???????????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????????????
  ????????????? ?????????? (??????????) ? ?????????
  ????????.
• ????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ????. ? ????? ??
  ????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??
  ?????????? ????????????????? ???? ?????????,
  ??????? ?????, ?????????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?
  ????????? ????????.

10
????????

• ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??
  ??????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????
  ?????????? (???????????? ??????????, The
  True-Born Englishman,1701), ??????????? ?????
  ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????????
  ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ????. ?
  ???????? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? III,
  ?????????, ??? ??????? ????????????????? ????
  ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????, ? ?????
  ?? ??????????? ??????, ???????????? ?
  ??????????, ????????? ? ?????? ?? ?????
  ??????????? ????????.

11
????????? ?????????

• ?? ?????????? ? 1703 ???? ???????? ???
  ????????? ????????????? (?????????? ??????
  ???????? ? ????????????, Shortest Way with the
  Dissenters, 1702), ? ??????? ????? ?????
  ???????????? ? ???????????? ?????????,
  ???????????? ????????????? ???????????? ?
  ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ??? ???.
• ???? ??? ?????????? ? ???? ????? ?????????
  ??????????, ?????? ? ???????????? ??????????? ?
  ????????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ????????????
  ? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????.

??? ???? ?. ???? ? ????????? ?????? 29 ????
1703 ????
12
???? - ????????

• ???? ???? ????????????? ????? (Review),
  ????????????? ???????, ?????????? ? 1704 ?? 1713,
  ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ??????. ?? ???? ????????????
  ????????? ???? ??? ??????????? ? ????? ????????
  ????? ?????.
• ? 1719, ?? ????????? ???????? ?????????????
  ??????, ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????.
• ?? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ????????????? ????????,
  ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????
  ?????, ? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????.
• ???? ???? ? ??????? 26 ?????? 1731.

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• Defoe discussed politics, religion, trade,
  education, ?orals and manners. He was the author
  of more then 200 pamphlets and 2000 short essays
  but when he was in his late 50-th he turned from
  journalism to fiction.
• Defoe was one of the first to write stories about
  real characters in realistic situations using
  simple prose. Defoe created a realistic novel
  which was different from all created before.

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???????? ????????????

• ????? ? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????
  ????? (The Life and Strange Surprising
  Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, 1719)
• ??????? ???????? (Memoires of a Cavalier, 1720)
  
• ??????? ???????? (Captain Singleton, 1720)
• ????? ? ????????? ????? ???????? (The Fortunes
  and Misfortunes of Moll Flanders, 1722)
• ??????? ??????? ???? (A Journal of the Plague
  Year, 1722)
• ??????? ???????? ????? (The History of Colonel
  Jack, 1722)
• ??????? (Roxana, 1724)
• ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????????? (A
  Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain,
  17241727)
• ???????? ??????? ????????? (A General History
  of the Pirates, 17241728)
• ??????????? ?????????? ???????? (The Complete
  English Tradesman, 17251727)
• ??????? ???????? ????? (Atlas Maritimus et
  Commercialis, 1728)

15
??????????? ????????? ?????

• ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????
  ??????????? ????????? ?????.
• ?????? ???????? ?????? - ????? ? ????????????
  ??????????? ????????? ?????, ?????? ?? ?????,
  ?????????? 28 ??? ? ?????? ??????????? ??
  ??????????? ??????? ? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????
  ???? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ????????
  ????????????????, ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????
  ???????, ????? ????, ?????, ? ?????????? ???
  ???????????? ???????????? ????????, ?????????? ??
  ????? (The life and Strange Surprising
  Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York, Mariner,
  Who Lived Eight and Twenty Years, All Alone in
  an Uninhabited Island on the Cost of America,
  near the Mouth of the Great river of Oronoque
  Having Been Cast on Shore by Shipwreck, Wherein
  All the men Perished but Himself, with an
  Account How He Was at Last as Strangely Deliverd
  by Pirates, Written by Himself)

?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?
?????, ?????????????? ????? ????????? ? 1840 ????
16
????????

• ? 1712 ?. ? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????
  ??????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????
  ?????, ? ??????? ???? ?????????? ? ????????????,
  ??????????? 31 ?????? 1709 ?. ...?? ??????? ?
  ??????? ????-?????????. ???? ?????? ????????? ??
  ??????? ???????? ? ?????? ??????, ??????? ?????
  ????? ????? ???, ??? ?? ????????? ?????????. ??
  ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ??????.
  ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????.
• ?????????? ?? ??????, ???????? ?????? ?????? ?
  ???? ???????, ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ? ???
  ????????, ??? ? ?? ???...

?????????????? ????????? ????????
?????? ?????????? ?????????
17
????????? ????????

• ? ??????? 1704 ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?
  ????????? ??????? Cinque Ports ??? ??????? ??
  ????????? ??????? ???-?-?????? ??? ????? ??????
  (?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????), ???????? ?
  ?????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ? ????? ??????,
  ? 640 ?????????? ?? ????????? ????.

????????? ????????/ Alexander Selkirk (1676-1721)
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Juan Fernandes Archipelago

• The island where Robinson Crusoe spent 28 years
  is one of the islands in the middle of the
  South Pacific Ocean 674 km from the South
  American continent. It belongs to Juan
  Fernandes Archipelago. This island was called
  Mas-a-Tierra at the time when it was discovered
  by the Spanish sailor Juan Fernandes in 1574.
• Then the Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk was
  abandoned here for four years and four months and
  it is possible to see the cave where he lived and
  the look-out point where he went to look for
  ships every day.
• The Chilean government gave new names to three
  islands of archipelago. They are Robinson Crusoe,
  Alexander Selkirk and small Santa Clara. Only
  the first of them is inhabited with population of
  500 inhabitants. This island is one of the last
  places on earth where untouched nature can be
  seen.
• It extends for 22 kilometres in length and 7 km
  in width. Robinson Crusoe island is still remote
  and inconvenient to reach. But it is really worth
  visiting.

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???????????? ?????????

• My dream has always been the sea and sailing.
  Thats why at the age of 19 I ran away from home
  to start a new adventurous life. Few years
  later I joined a pirate expedition to the Pacific
  ocean that was led by Capt. William Dampier. We
  were preparing to return home after numerous
  attacks on Spanish towns and ships when we
  suffered damage in one battle. I was sure our
  ship needed repairing but the captain didnt
  agree. I was full of anger and refused to go any
  father and demanded to be set ashore on Juan
  Fernandes island. And the captain was glad to do
  this.

20
???????????? ?????????

• The most difficult time for me was the first 8
  months. Gradually, I got used to my solitude and
  melancholy. Then I built two huts covered with
  grass , tamed some goats and cats, went hunting
  till a had some powder. I made some clothes from
  goat skins. I think about two years passed when,
  hooray, I saw a ship and ran down to the shore to
  greet it. But there were the Spaniards! They
  opened fire and I had to run for cover! Luckily,
  they failed to find me. 4,5 years passed and I
  was finally found in February 1709 by my former
  Captain William Dampier, who was then a pilot on
  an expedition headed by Captain Woodes Rogers.
  They took me off the island and were surprised to
  meet me alive.

21
????? ? ?????????

• ????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ? ??????
  1719 ????. ??? ????? ???? ????????????? ?????????
  ?? ?????? ? ??????, ?? ? ?? ???? ???????
  ??????????????? ????.
• ???? ? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????
  ?????????? ????????? ?? ??????????? ???????,
  ???? ?????? ??????? ? ???.

22
????? ? ?????????

• ?? ???? ????????, ??? ??????? ? ????? ?????????
  ????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??????,
  ????????? ?? ???? ??????.
• ?? ?????? ????? (1720), ????????? ??????????
  ??????????? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ????????
  ??????? ????? ?????????, ????? ? ????????? ???
  ???????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????
  ??????, ????????? ???????????? ???????????, ?
  ????? ???????? ??????????? ? ??????? ? ??????????
  ??????.
• ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????????
  ??????????? ? ??????? ????? ? ????????????
  ??????????? ????????? ?????, ?????????? ???
  ??????? ??????????? ???? (1721), ?? ???????? ?
  ?????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????, ?
  ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??
  ?????????-??????????? ? ??????????? ????.

23
??????????? ? ??????
24
??????????? ? ??????
25
??????????? ? ??????
26
??????????? ? ??????
27
??????????? ? ??????
28
??????????? ? ??????
29
??????????? ? ??????