SC.912.L.17.9

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E.O.C Review

• SC.912.L.17.9
• Made by Janice Garcia

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Producers

• Producers get their energy from the sun through a
  process called Photosynthesis.
• Plants take the sunlight and use its energy to
  make sugar.
• The plant uses this sugar, also called glucose to
  make many things, such as wood, leaves, roots,
  and bark.
• Oxygen is also produced by the plant in this
  cycle, which is then let off into the air

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Photosynthesis
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Consumers

• Animals are called consumers because they can not
  make their own food, instead they eat other
  organisms.
• There are 3 consumers
• --PRIMARY CONSUMER
• --SECONDARY CONSUMER
• --TERTIARY CONSUMER

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Primary Consumers

• Primary consumers feed directly upon primary
  producers to obtain their nutrients and energy.
• This group of organisms includes familiar grazers
  such as cattle, horses and zebras.
• Example Grass is a producer. A dear is a
  Primary consumer. The dear eats the grass
  (producer).

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Tertiary Consumer

• A carnivore at the top level in a food chain that
  feeds on other carnivores or an animal that feeds
  only on secondary consumers and producers.
• Tertiary consumers are mostly on the highest
  level of a food chain.
• Some examples includes, lions, hawks and even
  humans.

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Decomposers

• Decomposers break down dead plants and animals.
• They break down the waste of other organisms.
• Decomposers are very important for ecosystems
  because if they weren't in the ecosystem, the
  plants would not get essential nutrients, and
  dead matter and waste would pile up.
• Worms, molds, fungus, bacteria, and
  actinobacteria are some general categories of
  decomposers.

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• Trophic levels are the feeding position in a food
  chain such as primary producers, herbivore,
  primary carnivore, etc. Plants form the first
  trophic level, the producers. Herbivores form the
  second trophic level, while carnivores form the
  third and even the fourth trophic levels.
• The feeding of one organism upon another in a
  sequence of food transfers is known as a food
  chain.
• In an ecosystem there are many different food
  chains and many of these are cross-linked to form
  a food web.
• There are 3 types of ecological pyramids .
• -Number pyramid
• -Biomass pyramid
• -Energy pyramid

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Energy Flow Chart
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The Water Cycle

• The water cycle is made up of different parts
• -evaporation (and transpiration)
• -condensation
• -precipitation
• -collection
• EVAPORATION
• -Evaporation is when the sun heats up water in
  oceans or other water sources and turns it into
  vapor. The water vapor or leaves the river, lake
  or ocean and goes into the air.
• CONDENSATION
• -Water vapor in the air gets cold and changes
  back into liquid, forming clouds. This is called
  condensation.

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• PRECIPIATION
• -Precipitation occurs when so much water has
  condensed that the air cannot hold anymore. The
  clouds get heavy and water falls back to the
  earth as rain, hail, sleet or snow.
• COLLECTION
• -When water falls back to earth as precipitation,
  it may fall back in the oceans, lakes or rivers
  or it may end up on land. When it ends up on
  land, it will either soak into the earth and
  become part of the ground water that plants and
  animals use to drink. The cycle starts all over
  again.

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Carbon Cycle

• Carbon is a part of the ocean, air, rocks and
  even living things.
• Carbon is attached to some oxygen in a gas called
  carbon dioxide.
• Plants use carbon dioxide and sunlight to make
  their own food and grow. Plants that die and are
  buried may turn into fossil fuels made of carbon
  like coal and oil over millions of years.
• When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon
  quickly enters the atmosphere as carbon dioxide.

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Carbon Cycle Chart
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Energy in Joules

• Joules is a measure of energy.
• It measures heat, electricity and mechanical
  work. It was named after English physicist James
  Prescott Joule.
• The joule is a unit equivalent to a Newton-meter,
  or a kilogram-meter squared per second per second.