The%20MICE%20collaboration

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ISS-detectors
Missions
Evaluate the options for the neutrino detection
systems with a view to defining a baseline set of
detection systems to be taken forward in a
subsequent conceptual-design phase Provide
a research-and-development program required to
deliver the baseline design ? Funding request for
four years of detector RD 2007-2010 (but more
likely 2008-2011)
The nice thing with neutrino beams is that one
can have more than one detector on the same beam
line!
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Organization
Detector council (i.e. steering group) role
ensure basic organization, and monitors progress
wrt objectives Alain Blondel (Geneva) Alan Bross
(Fermilab) Kenji Kaneyuki (ICRR) Paolo Strolin
(INFN) Paul Soler (Glasgow) Mauro Mezzetto
(Interface with physics)

http//dpnc.unige.ch/users/blondel/detectors/detec
tor-study.htm
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Working groups

• Water Cerenkov Detectors
• Kenji Kaneyuki, Jean-Eric Campagne
• Magnetic Sampling Detectors
• Jeff Nelson --gt Anselmo Cervera
• http//dpnc.unige.ch/users/blondel/detectors/magne
  ticdetector/SMD-web.htm
• TASD Malcolm Ellis
• Large Magnet Alan Bross
• Liquid Argon TPC http//www.hep.yorku.ca/menary/IS
  S/
• Scott Menary, Andreas Badertscher, Claudio
  Montanari, Guiseppe Battistoni
  (FLARE/GLACIER/ICARUS)
• Emulsion Detectors http//people.na.infn.it/pmigl
  ioz/ISS-ECC-G/ISSMainPage.html
• Pasquale Migliozzi
• Near Detectors http//ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/psoler/
  ISS/ISS_Near_Detector.html
• Paul Soler

Detector Technology will be associated with
detector type for now dedicated detector
technology session at ISS2 in KEK Jan06.
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NON MAGNETIC
MAGNETIC
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ISS detector mailing list (78)
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Executive summary I. baseline detectors
beam Far detector RD needed
sub-GeV BB and SB (MEMPHYS, T2K) Megaton WC photosensors! cavern and infrastructure
1-2 GeV BB and SB (off axis NUMI, high g BB, WBB) no established baseline TASD (NOvA-like) or Liquid Argon TPC or Megaton WC photosensors and detectors long drifts, long wires, LEMs
Neutrino Factory (20-50 GeV, 2500-7000km) 100kton magnetized iron calorimeter (golden) 10 kton non-magnetic ECC (silver) straightforward from MINOS simulationphysics studies ibid vs OPERA
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Executive summary II. beyond the baseline, (but
should be studied)
beam Far detector RD needed
sub-GeV BB and SB (MEMPHYS, T2K) Liquid Argon TPC (100kton) clarify what is the advantage wrt WC?
1-2 GeV BB and SB (off axis NUMI, high g BB) no established baseline
Neutrino Factory (20-50 GeV, 2500-7000km) platinum detectors! large coil around TASD Larg ECC engineering study for magnet! simulations and physics evaluation photosensors, long drift, etc
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Executive summary III near detector, beam
instrumentation
beam BI, ND RD needed
sub-GeV BB and SB (MEMPHYS, T2K) T2K example. CONCEPT for precision measurements? concept simulations theory
1-2 GeV BB and SB (off axis NUMI, high g BB) NOvA example.. CONCEPT for precision measurements? ibid
Neutrino Factory (20-50 GeV, 2500-7000km) beam intensity (BCT) beam energy polarization beam divergence meast shielding leptonic detector hadronic detector need study -- need study need concept simulstudy simulstudy Vtx det RD
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FAR SITES
Without calling specifically for candidate far
detector sites we received two contributions of
far sites that would welcome a neutrino factory
beam 1. Pihäsalmi Finland (Juha Peltoniemi)
2. INO Indian Neutrino Observatory (PUSHEP at
Tamilnadu) Naba Mondal we also know of Canary
Islands This is a subject that will need to be
pursued
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Highlights
1. WATER CHERENKOV -- First cost estimate of
Frejus Megaton detector -- T2KK idea 2.
MAGNETIZED IRON CALORIMETER -- realistic design
and cost estimate -- revision of golden analysis
gt much better efficiency at low Energy 3.
LARGE MAGNETIC VOLUME -- a new concept -- MECC
detector could demonstrably do platimum
channel 4. Liquid Argon -- impressive RD
efforts (long drift, long wires) 5. systematic
related discussions -- matter effect for
NUFACT -- nuclear effects for Low Energy beam
6. Began first simulations of NuFACT near
detectors
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review of far detector options
-- Water Cherenkov -- Liquid argon (non
magnetic) -- magnetized iron calorimeter -- ECC
-- large magnetic volumes -- for TASD
-- for ECC -- for liquid argon --
detector technology
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Water Cerenkov
-- can be made in very large volumes (already SK
50kton) -- very well known technology -- other
applications proton decay, low energy natural
neutrinos, atmospheric, solar and SN neutrinos,
Gadzook, etc -- cannot be magnetized easily--
pattern recognition limited to 1 ring events (--gt
sub GeV neutrinos) -- baseline detector for
sub-GeV neutrinos. -- three projects around the
world HK, UNO, MEMPHYS -- community organized
and coordinated in its own
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The MEMPHYS Project
Water Cerenkov modules at Fréjus
CERN to Fréjus Neutrino Super-beam and Beta-beam
Excavation engineering pre-study has been done
for 5 shafts
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Possible experimental set-up
Total cost must be similar to the baseline
design.
2.5 deg. off axis
Distance from the target (km)
2.5 deg. off axis
JPARC
2.5deg.off-axis beam _at_Kamioka
Off-axis angle
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MEMPHYS Main results of the preliminary study

• Best site (rock quality) in the middle of the
  mountain, at a depth of 4800 mwe
• Cylindrical shafts feasible ? 65 m and a
  height h 80 m ( 250 000 m3)
• ? 215 000 tons of water (4 times SK)
• - 4 m from outside for veto and fiducial cut
  ?146 000 tons fiducial target
• 3 modules would give 440 kilotons Fid. (like UNO)
  BASELINE
• estimated excavation cost 80 M X Nb of shafts
• this number should be gt doubled for
  photo-detectors, electronics and other
  infrastructure
• (--gt gt500 M for three shafts 440 kton
  fiducial)
• 
  -- gtG for a megaton --

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NB about 300 Oku-Yen should be included for the
beam upgrade
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-- Liquid Argon TPC This is the particle
physics equivalent of superstrings DOE
(detector of everything) it can do everything,
can it do anything BETTER? (than a dedicated
standard technique) to be quantitatively
demonstrated case by case. impressive progress
from ICARUS T600 recent highlights -- effort at
FERMILAB (FLARE) -- 2 efforts in EU ICARUS and
GLACIER -- observation of operation in magnetic
field -- programme on-going to demonstrate long
drift, or long wires talks by Badertscher,
Menary, Rubbia INFN ICARUS were contacted and
added to mailing list with no further result.
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considerable noise reduction can be obtained by
gas amplification
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height is limited by high voltage 1kV/cm ? 2 MV
for 20m field degrader in liquid argon tested
? (Cockroft-Greinacher circuit)
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An ideal detector exploiting a Neutrino Factory
should
NEUTRINO FACTORY DETECTORS

• Identify and measure the charge of the muon
  (golden channel) with high accuracy
• Identify and measure the charge of the electron
  with high accuracy (Platinum channel)
• Identify the ? decays (silver channel)
• Measure the complete kinematics of an event in
  order to increase the signal/back ratio

Migliozzi
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-- Magnetic segmented detector this is a
typical NUFACT detector for Engtgt1.5 GeV
GOLDEN CHANNEL experience
from MINOS NOvA designs prepared for Monolith
and INO iron-scintillator sandwich with sci-fi
APD read-out proposed straightforward design
90kton for 175M.
ne ? nm
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• Magnetized Iron calorimeter
• (baseline detector, Cervera, Nelson)
• B 1 T F 15 m, L 25 m
• t(iron) 4cm, t(sc)1cm
• Fiducial mass 100 kT
• Charge discrimination down to 1 GeV

Event rates for 1020 muon decays (lt1 year)
nm signal (sin2 q130.01)
nm CC
ne CC
Baseline
732 Km
3.4 x 105
(J-PARC I? SK 40)
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2 x 108
3 x 105
3500 Km
7.5 x 106
4 x 106
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Multi-Pixel-Photon-CounterOperation
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at 3000 km, 1st max is at 6 GeV 2d max is at 2
GeV
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New analysis (Cervera) OLD Pmgt 5 GeV NEW
Lm gt Lhad 75cm (shown for three different
purity levels down to ltlt 10-4 )
new analysis
old analysis
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• trigger and locate the neutrino interactions
• muon identification and momentum/charge
  measurement

ECC emulsion analysis Vertex, decay kink e/g
ID, multiple scattering, kinematics
Electronic detectors
Target Trackers Pb/Em. target
Spectrometer
supermodule
Link to muon ID, Candidate event
Pb/Em. brick
Basic cell
Pb
1 mm
Emulsion
Extract selected brick  
Brick finding, muon ID, charge and p
?p/p lt 20
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LARGE MAGNETIC VOLUME
Observing the platinum channel or the silver
channel for more decay channels requires a
dedicated Low Z and very fine grained detector
immersed in a large magnetic volume
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X 10 Magnets 140-600M
conventional SC magnet
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x a few X014cm. B gt 0.5 T
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FIRST CONVINCING DEMONSTRATION THAT THE PLATINUM
CHANNEL COULD BE USED!
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SYSTEMATICS - related topics
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A revealing comparison
A detailed comparison of the capability of
observing CP violation was performed by P. Huber
(M. Mezzetto and AB) on the following
grounds -- GLOBES was used. -- T2HK from LOI
1000kt , 4MW beam power, 6 years anti-neutrinos,
2 years neutrinos. systematic errors on
background and signal 5. -- The beta-beam 5.8
1018 He dk/year 2.2 1018 Ne dk/year (5 5yrs)
The Superbeam from 3.5 GeV SPL and 4 MW. Same
500kton detector Systematic errors on signal
efficiency (or cross-sections) and bkgs are 2 or
5. --NUFACT 3.1 1020 m and 3.1 1020 m per
year for 10 years 100 kton iron-scintillator at
3000km and 30 kton at 7000km (e.g. INO). (old
type!) The matter density errors of the two
baselines (uncorrelated) 2 to 5 The
systematics are 0.1 on the signal and 20 on the
background, uncorrelated. all correlations,
ambiguities, etc taken into account
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What do we learn?
matter effect for NUFACT

• Both (BBSBMD) and NUFACT outperform e.g. T2HK
  on most cases.
• 2. combination of BBSB is really powerful.
• 3. for sin22q13 below 0.01 NUFACT as such
  outperforms anyone
• 4. for large values of q13 systematic errors
  dominate.
• Matter effects for NUFACT, cross-sections for low
  energy beams.
• This is because we are at first maximum or above,
  ? CP asymmetry is small!

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ISS-3 at RAL Warner
Such a study, in collaboration with
geophysicists will be needed for candidate LBL
sites
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-- Near detectors and flux instrumentation --
flux and cross-section determinations -- other
neutrino physics a completely new, yet
essential aspect of superbeam, beta-beam and
neutrino factory NO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
SHOULD BE TAKEN SERIOUSLY UNTIL THE NEAR DETECTOR
CONCEPTS HAVE BEEN LAYED DOWN!
Soler, Sanchez tomorrow
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near detector constraints for CP violation
ex. beta-beam or nufact
P(ne?nm) - P(ne?nm)
sind sin (Dm212 L/4E) sin q12 sin q13
ACP a
sin2 q13 solar term
P(ne?nm) P(ne?nm)

• Near detector gives ne diff. cross-sectiondetecti
  on-eff flux and ibid for bkg
• BUT need to know nm and nm diff.
  cross-section detection-eff
• with small (relative) systematic errors.
• knowledge of cross-sections (relative to
  each-other) required
• knowledge of flux!
• interchange role of ne and nm for superbeam

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experimental signal signal cross-section X
efficiency of selection Background
this is not a totally trivial quantity as there
is somethig particular in each of these
cross-sections for instance the effects of muon
mass as well as nuclear effects are different
for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos while e.g.
pion threshold is different for muon and
electron neutrinos
need to know this
and of course the fluxes but the product
fluxssig is measured in the near detector
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3.5 GeV SPL g 100 b-beam
-- low proton energy no Kaons ? ne background
is low --region below pion threshold (low bkg
from pions) but low event rate and
uncertainties on cross-sections
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at 250 MeV (first maximum in Frejus expt)
prediction varies from 0.88 to 0.94 according to
nuclear model used. ( - 0.03?) Hope to improve
results with e.g. monochromatic k-capture beam
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FLUX in NUFACT will be known to 10-3 see NUFACT
YELLOW REPORT this was studied including --
principle design of polarimeter, and absolute
energy calibration -- principle design of angular
divergence measurement -- radiative corrections
to muon decay -- absolute x-section calibration
using neutrino electron interactions (event
number etc considered) this is true for
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Near detector and beam instrumentation at NUFACT
BCT
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CONCLUSIONS -I
The ISS detector task assembled in a new fashion
a range of activities that are happening in the
world. A number of new results were obtained
and baseline detectors were defined.
For low energy beams, the Water Cherenkov can be
considered as baseline detector technology at
least below pion threshold. An active
international activity exists in this domain.
1Mton(0.5-1) G For medium energy (1-2 GeV)
there is comptetiton and it is not obvious which
detector (WC, Larg or TASD) gives the best
performance at a given cost.
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CONCLUSIONS II
For the neutrino factory a 100 kton magnetized
iron detector can be built at a cost of lt200 M
for the golden channel. New analysis of low E
muons should improve sensitivities. An non
magnetic Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) detector
for tau detection can straightforwardly be added
with a mass of gt5 kton There is interest/hope
that low Z detectors can be embedded in a Large
Magnetic Volume. At first sight difficulties and
cost are very large. However this should be
actively pursued. Electron sign determination up
to 10 GeV has been demonstrated for MECC, and
studies are ongoing for Liquid Argon and pure
scintillator detector.
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CONCLUSIONS III
Near detector, beam instrumentation and
cross-section measurements are absolutely
required. The precision measurements such as CP
constitute a new game wih respect to the present
generation. For the super-beam and beta beam the
near detector and beam diagnostic systems need to
be invented. There is a serious potential
problem at low energy due to the interplay of
muon mass effect and nuclear effects. A first
evaluation was made at the occasion of the study.
NUFACT flux and cross sections should be
calibrated with a precision of 10-3. An important
design and simulation effort is required for the
near detector and diagnostic area. (shielding
strategy is unknown at this point) Finally
matter effects were discussed with the conclusion
that a systematic error at 2 seems achievable
with good collaboration with geologists.
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CONCLUSIONS IV
The next generation of efforts should see a first
go at the design effort and RD towards the
design of precision neutrino experiments There
is a motivated core of people eager to do so and
this activity should grow.
THANKS!