AP Psychology Review

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AP Psychology Review

• Perspectives across the curriculum

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Humanism

• People
• Maslow
• Rogers

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Humanism

• Key Terms and Ideas
• Individual choice, Free will
• Self fulfillment
• Unconditional Positive Regard
• Hierarchy of Needs (Self Actualization)

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Humanism

• Methods
• Person Centered (Rogers)
• Empathy
• Emphasis that people are good
• Non-directive, people choose their own path
• Active listening

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Humanism

• Disorders Cause
• Lack of control in ones life
• Denial of true thoughts about ones self, leads
  to anxiety, prevents self actualization
• Lack of UPR. (Uncond. Pos. Reg.)
• Therapy
• Client-centered

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Psychoanalytic

• People
• Freud
• Neo-Freudians (psychodynamic)
• Jung- personal unconscious, collective
  unconscious
• Adler- inferiority and superiority complex

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Psychoanalytic

• Key Terms and Ideas
• Defense Mechanisms- Repression
• Psychosexual Stages
• Personality Theory- Type A Type B
• Id, Ego, Superego
• Childhood experiences
• Unconscious

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Psychoanalytic

• Methods
• Free association
• Dream analysis
• Hypnosis

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Psychoanalytic

• Causes of disorders
• Repressed memories from childhood experiences
• Unconscious conflicts

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Biological Perspective

• People
• Biopsychologist
• Psychiatrists

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Biological Perspective

• Key Terms/Ideas
• Somatic (body)/ Biological processes
• Organic
• Genes, hormones ,brain structure,
  neurotransmitters (see chart in book)
• Psychopharmacology
• SSRI, Antipsychotics, Lithium, Antianxiety

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Biological Perspective

• Methods
• Drug therapy
• ECT
• Surgery
• Brain Scan (MRI, PET, EEG)

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Biological Perspective

• Causes of Disorders
• Genetic predisposition
• Organic
• Chemical imbalance

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Evolutionary Perspective

• Key People
• DARWIN

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Evolutionary Perspective

• Key Terms/Ideas
• Sociobiologists
• Natural selection
• Adaptive behavior
• instincts

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Evolutionary Perspective

• Methods
• Gene studies (case study)
• Same as biological

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Evolutionary

• Causes and Treatment for disorders
• Same as biological

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Behavioral Perspective

• People
• Watson, Skinner, Pavlov, Bandura

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Behavioral/Learning perspective

• Key Terms/Ideas
• Also known as the learning perspective
• Classical Conditioning
• UCS, UCR, NS, CS, CR, Acquisition,
  discrimination, generalization
• Stimulus response association.
• Operant Conditioning
• Association of consequences
• Pos/Neg reinforces, punishment, learned
  helplessness,
• Reinforcement schedules VR, FR, VI, FI.

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Behavioral/Learning perspective

• Methods
• Observable behavior
• Limitations
• Some believed that learning occurs without
  thought
• behavior does not go against species

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Behavioral/Learning perspective

• Disorder Cause/Treatment
• Fear conditioning
• Natural selection (snakes, spiders, etc.)
• Systematic desensitization
• Counterconditioning
• Token economy

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Cognitive

• People
• Atkinson-Shiffron (3 stage memory model)

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Cognitive perspective

• Key Terms/ Ideas
• Think, perceive, memory, Language, Intelligence
• Information processing model
• Short term memory Mnemonics
• Long term memory episodic, Semantic, Procedural
  memories
• Retroactive/proactive interference
• Language stages pg 406.
• Linguistic determinism

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Cognitive

• Methods
• Stanford-Binets IQ test
• WAIS- most widely used intelligence test

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Cognitive

• Cause of disorders
• Misperception of the world
• Encoding failure
• Treatment
• Change the way one thinks about the world
• CBT

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Socio-Cultural Perspective

• People
• Milgram
• Asch

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Socio-Cultural

• Key terms and Ideas
• Focus on the difference between behavior across
  cultures.
• Loafing, bystander, stereotype, prejudice,
  attractiveness, aggression, conformity,
  fundamental attribution error, cognitive
  dissonance

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Socio-cultural

• Methods
• Case study

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Socio-cultural

• Disorders/Treatment
• eclectic