Hybrid Cars

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Hybrid Cars

• Fueling the Future

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Why Switch?

• U.S. consumption of crude oil is approximately 20
  million barrels per day of which 16 million are
  imported. This produces approximately 384 million
  gallons of gasoline per day--19.2 gallons per
  barrel. This results in 7.372 billion pounds of
  CO 2 produced per day.

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Wheres all the oil?

• World reserves of crude oil are reported to be
  687.43 billion barrels.
• Using present consumption, this will provide
  crude oil for 29.2 years. This ignores increasing
  demand, most notably in China and India.

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• About 134 billion barrels will be found over the
  next 30 years. That is enough to meet current
  world demand for 4.37 years.
• U.S. crude oil consumption is 7.3 billion barrels
  a year.

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Whose Using all this Oil?

• Each year, 280 million Americans use as much
  natural gas as 3 billion people in Europe and
  Asia.

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What do they use it on?

• Cars.
• Though vehicles have become more efficient in
  recent years, people are becoming more and more
  dependent upon their cars for transportation
• Also, the number of cars in use has increased
  steadily.

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What can be done to help?

• Higher gasoline prices have helped curb driving
  habits such as
• Freeway motorists have adjusted to higher prices
  by making fewer trips and by driving more slowly.
• After increasing steadily for more than 20 years,
  the market share of light trucks (including sport
  utility vehicles and minivans), relative to all
  new passenger vehicles, began to decline in 2004.

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• Used-vehicle prices have shifted, reflecting
  changing demand, particularly with respect to
  fuel economy The average prices for larger,
  less-fuel-efficient models have declined over the
  past five years as average prices for the
  most-fuel-efficient automobiles have risen.

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Facts

• Oil prices recently rose to well over 100 dollars
  per barrel.
• The price of a gallon of gasoline has also risen
  to a ridiculous 4 or more per gallon
• This causes most consumers to want to decrease
  the amount of gas the require.

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The Best Solution?

• Hybrid cars offer the most practical solution to
  both the energy crisis and high price of oil.
• They are already in production, therefore we know
  we have the means to produce and distribute these
  vehicles.

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How do Hybrids work?

• Most hybrid vehicles on todays market are
  gasoline electric vehicles
• They combine the power of electricity and
  gasoline to significantly improve gas mileage and
  reduce emissions.

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How does it do this?

• In a traditional hybrid vehicle, you have a
  complete electric car. It includes an electric
  motor to provide all of the power to the wheels,
  as well as batteries to supply the motor with
  electricity. Then you have a completely separate
  gasoline engine powering a generator. The engine
  is very small -- perhaps 10 to 20 horsepower --
  and it is designed to run at just one speed for
  maximum efficiency. The purpose of this small,
  efficient engine is to provide enough power for
  the car at its cruising speed.

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How they work (cont.)

• During times of acceleration, the batteries
  provide the extra power necessary. When the car
  is decelerating or standing still, the batteries
  recharge. This sort of hybrid car is essentially
  an electric car with a built-in recharger for
  longer range. The advantage is that the small,
  efficient gasoline engine gets great mileage.

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Hybrid History

• A Hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that two or more
  distinct power sources to power the vehicle.
• Most popular sources- An electric motor with an
  internal combustion engine.
• Other sources- Air, fuel cells, hydrogen, human
  power

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Hybrid History(cont.)

• The first successful idea for a Hybrid vehicle
  actually stems all the way back to 1905
• H. Piper thought of a car that would use an
  electric motor with a gasoline-fueled engine.

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Why didnt they catch on?

• Much like peoples reason today, gasoline cars
  were simply more powerful.
• Gasoline was in an abundance and was the easiest
  and most mainstream way to fuel a car.
• People were not aware of the damage that
  gasoline-fueled cars have on the earth.

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Where did Hybrids go?

• It was not until the 1970s that talk of Hybrid
  cars began to appear in conversation.
• The oil crisis that took place during the 1970s
  caused car companies to frantically search for
  alternative fueling methods.
• Once oil returned in abundance, Hybrids were once
  again forgotten.

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The rise of the Hybrid

• Toyota was the first company to offer a Hybrid
  vehicle, the Toyota Prius(1995).
• It was introduced in Japan because of the
  steeping prices of oil. Many people were quick
  to buy a car that avoided these high prices.
• Prius offered great mileage at a clean operation.
  

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Why are Hybrids unpopular?

• People see electric cars as a sign of weakness
  compared to a six-cylinder gas-guzzler.
• People dont think Hybrid cars can go as fast or
  get as much mileage. (Hybrid recently won
  24-hour endurance race.)
• Car companies have yet to make Hybrids available
  at a mainstream level.

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Why are Hybrids unpopular?

• The Hybrid system costs more than the modern
  six-cylinder gas engine.
• People do not think that the fuel savings of a
  hybrid is worth spending the extra money to buy a
  Hybrid.
• Hybrids only make up one percent of cars driven
  today.

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Hybrid Advantages

• Gasoline is a nonrenewable resource electricity
  is not.
• Hydrogen is the most abundant element on
  earth(makes up ¾ of all matter) and releases next
  to no pollution.
• Hybrid cars get the same mileage and acceleration
  as modern cars but with much lower emission
  rates.

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Hybrids Today

• Although many advances have been made, car
  companies are still too focused on building
  excessively bigger or faster cars, disregarding
  pollution or lack of miles to the gallon.
• Toyota Prius is at the top of the list due to its
  innovative idea of combining the battery-electric
  motor to a four-cylinder engine instead of a
  six-cylinder.

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Hybrids Today(cont.)

• The four-cylinder engine lowers pollution and
  emission rates.
• The success of the Prius showed companies that
  people care about miles to the gallon, not just
  per hour.

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The future of Hybrids

• Engineers from the Union of Concerned Scientists
  have developed a new vehicle called the Vanguard.
• For an extra 300 in conventional technologies,
  40 of the cars global warming pollution can be
  eliminated.
• Also, in the long run, over 1,300 can be saved
  in the cost of fuel.

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The future of Hybrids(cont.)

• Many potential buyers claim that they are not
  willing to pay the extra money for a hybrid, but
  when the hybrid technology is used on a larger
  scale, the cost will decrease.
• When it comes to buying a vehicle, one should
  always find the most efficient car that fulfills
  all of the buyers needs. The Hybrid car does
  just that.

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Hybrids are the Future

• By making Hybrids mainstream, Americans will no
  longer need to rely on oil to fuel their lives.
• Hybrids are the future response to todays
  crisis. Hybrids cannot bring an end to global
  warming, but it is one massive step in the right
  direction.