JSNA- The APHO Resource Pack

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• JSNA- The APHO Resource Pack
• EMPHIN Forum 23rd September

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Background

• JSNA heavily dependent on data collection and
  analysis
• Wide range of health and social care information
• JSNA went out for consultation in 2007
• DH commissioned APHO to look at the consultation
  responses in relation to JSNA data

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Background

• The DH brief included
• Review the data requirements for JSNA
• Identify methodological issues
• Produce guidance on how to tackle them
• The outputs form the APHO Resource Pack for JSNA
• Each guidance was produced by a different PHO
  (EMPHO projections)

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5 sections of the resource pack

• JSNA core dataset
• Statistical validity
• Projection methods
• Data Sharing
• Measuring Health Inequalities

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1. JSNA core dataset

• Indicative of the data requirement for a
  comprehensive JSNA
• The Core Dataset now contains additional National
  Indicators and Vital Signs
• Lists a range of indicators arranged into
  informal domains

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1. JSNA Core Dataset- Domains
Domain Example indicators
Demography Population size, ethnicity, migration, urban/rural split, etc
Social and Environmental Context Housing, transport, employment etc
Lifestyle/Risk factors Smoking, eating habits, obesity etc
Burden of ill-health Life expectancy, hospital admissions, diabetes, cancer registrations, dental decay etc
Services (health and social care) Numbers receiving social care, direct payments, health screening, access to services, user perspective
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1. JSNA core dataset

• For each indicator
• Indication of which population type the
  indicators apply to (Adults/CYP/general)
• Definition and suggest possible data sources (or
  reference to the official Handbook of Definitions
  for National Indicators).
• Comments outlining related data or further
  information

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2. Statistical Validity

• This guidance highlights some of the statistical
  issues liable to occur in a JSNA, such as
• Confidence Intervals
• Statistical Significance
• Explains how they can be used to draw valid
  conclusions

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2. Statistical Validity

• Describes various statistical pitfalls and how to
  work around them
• Small Numbers
• Synthetic Estimates
• Ecological Fallacy
• Multiple Comparisons
• League Tables
• Regression to the Mean

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3. Projection methods for use in JSNA

• An important aspect of JSNA is being able to
  predict levels of need 3-5 years ahead
• Signposts existing forecasts from official and
  other sources
• Advises on the best choice of methodology
• Highlights data to enable projections to be
  produced

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4. Data sharing for JSNA

• Describes the legal and ethical framework
  surrounding personal data in general, and health
  data in particular
• Contains good practice guidelines for data
  sharing protocols and agreements
• Enables data sharing without compromising
  confidentiality or security

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5. Measuring Health Inequalities

• JSNA encourages us to focus upon the inequalities
  in the local area, and identify those groups who
  are getting a 'raw deal'. The guidance on
  Measuring Health Inequalities explains how to
• Understand the terminology of inequality
• Choose a suitable geographical unit of analysis
• Display and interpret inequalities graphically
• Calculate absolute and relative gaps
• Interpret more sophisticated inequality measures

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APHO Resource Pack available on the APHO website
www.apho.org.uk