Gastrointestinal Tract

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Chapter 11

• Gastrointestinal Tract
• Digestive/ ____________ Tract

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ROOT

• Bucco- cheek (buccal surface)
• Labio,_______, Chilo- lips (labioplasty)
• Denti, Dento, __________- teeth (odontogenesis)
• Gingivo- gums (gingivalgia)
• ________, Linguo- tongue (linguitis)
• Papillo- nipple-shaped projection (gingival
  papilla)
• Stom, Stomato- mouth (stomatitis)
• Duodeno- duodenum (duodenorrhaphy)

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ROOT

• Entero- intestines (enterotomy)
• Gastro- stomach (gastropexy)
• Hepato, Hepatico- liver (hepatopathy)
• Ileo- ileum (ileostomy)
• Jejuno- jejunum (jejunectomy)
• Pharyngo- pharynx (pharyngorrhea)
• Procto,__________ - rectum/anus (proctocele)
• Ptyalo, ________- saliva (ptyalism)
• Chole, __________- bile(cholemesis)

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FUNCTION

• Prehension
• Transport, and breakdown of food and the
  absorption of nutrients
• Carries waste to be eliminated from the body
• __________gt ______________gt ___________gt
  __________gt intestines gt anus

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Food is chewed in the______, swallowed by way of
the _______and_________, passes through the neck
and thorax into the stomach. Here the food is
partially digested before being passed to the
small intestine for further digestion and
absorption . Here the remaining ingesta moves to
the____________, where it is retained until it is
excreted through the____________.
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NEW WORDS

• RUMINATION
• regurgitation,__________, insalivation, and
  reswallowing of partially digested food.
• the altered process allows ________ of the food
  by bacteria and protozoa. These digest
  __________ and produce energy for the body
• Occurs in RUMINANTS (ex cattle, goats, sheep,
  llamas, camels, deer).

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__________________ involuntary, wavelike
movement of the intestinal tract propelling
contents through the GI tract. Circular and
longitudinal muscle fibers
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DIETS

• _________________ eat meat and plants (pigs,
  bears, chickens, humans, cockroaches)
• ___________________ eat plants (cows, horses,
  rabbits)
• ___________________ eat meat (cats, dogs)

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GI - STRUCTURES

• Mouth
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach
• Intestines.
• Accessory organs salivary glands, liver,
  pancreas

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MOUTH

• LABIA/CHILO/CHEILO lips (entrance to the mouth)
• Some animals have specially-adapted lips
• rats have lips that meet ______________ the
  incisors so that they can chew through material
  without having to ingest it

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CONICAL PAPILLAE cone-shaped finger-like
projections found on the inside of the lips of
ruminants. Prevents food from escaping from the
mouth.
sheep, goats, horses have ____________________
that help to pick up food
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Lips of cattle and pigs are ____________ and do
little more than close the mouth
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Members of the camel family have deeply
_________________ that allow them to graze close
to the ground without disturbing the _________of
plants.
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ORAL CAVITY

• ORAL CAVITY
• Gums
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Food holder
• Food is broken down

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PALATE

• PALATE forms the __________ of the mouth
• HARD PALATE
• rigid ________ structure
• covered with mucous membranes that contains
  ______________of thickened membrane

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PALATE

• SOFT PALATE
• partition between ___________ and
  _____________________
• composed
• of muscle and covered with mucous membranes

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CHEEKS

• Formed by _____________ muscles (keep food
  between the teeth while chewing) and the fatty
  buccal pad
• Elastic tissue

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TONGUE

• ______________________ muscle
• Function
• keeps food between the teeth during chewin
• puts pressure on the hard palate to aid in
  swallowing
• used for food prehension
• licking, grooming, lapping up fluids

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LINGUAL FRENULUM anchors underside of tongue
to floor of the mouth
PAPILLAE elevations on the sides and upper
surface of the tongue (filiform)
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Close-up view of a tongue with visible fungiform
papillae (large bumps) scattered among filiform
papillae (small bumps).
Filiform threadlikeFungiform
mushroomlikeVallate rim shapedThe fungiform
and vallate contain taste buds.
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GINGIVAE / GUMS

• Collar around each tooth
• Mucous membranes with fibrous tissue that cover
  the ___________ and ___________________

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TEETH

• Number varies between species and diet
• Function to cut and grind food and to provide
  defense
• DECIDUOUS TEETH _________________
• Rabbits and rodents have only one set of teeth
  that grow ______________________

http//www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/dige
stion/pregastric/dentalanat.html
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TEETH

• CROWN (encased in___________ ) __________
  projects above gumline,
• NECK is located_______________,
• ROOT (encased in __________ bonelike) fixes the
  tooth in the socket (BONY ALVEOLUS)

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TEETH

• DENTIN lies under the enamel and cementum and
  makes up the ___________ of the tooth
• PULP CAVITY is inside the dentin and contains the
  tooths __________________________
• PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT (fibrous tissue) connects
  _______________to bone of the alveolus
• PERIODONTIUM periodontal ligament the
  connections in the cementum surrounding
  alveolar bone

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HYPSODONT

• Herbivores have HYPSODONT teeth (______________
  elevated crown)
• dont have a well-defined neck
• enamel extends below the gumline and is mixed in
  with __________ and cementum
• grooves on surface help to predict an
  animals_______

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BRACHYDONT

• Carnivores have BRACHYDONT teeth (________crown)
• Similar to humans

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TEETH

• INCISORS (I) front teeth that are used for
  ___________ and cutting grass. Can also be used
  for defense.
• upper incisors are __________ in ruminants, which
  only have a_______________
• CANINES (C) fangs, eyeteeth, tusks, used to
  __________ which makes them prominent in
  carnivores. Used for defense
• PREMOLARS (P), MOLARS (M) cheek teeth,
  ________________ to a size that can be swallowed

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DENTAL FORMULA

•  DENTAL FORMULAS Indicate the number of each
  kind of tooth on one side of the mouth (I,C,P,M)
• Numerator teeth in the______________
• Denominator teeth in the ______________
• Multiply the formula by 2 to represent the total
  number of teeth

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DENTAL FORMULA
Species Dental Formula Total teeth
Canine - puppy 313 313 28 (NO MOLARS)
Canine - adult 3142 3143 42 (EXTRA MOLAR ON MANDIBLE)
Feline - kitten 313 312 26
Feline - adult 3131 3121 30 (EXTRA PRE-MOLAR ON MAXILLA)
Equine - adult 3133 314/33 40 0r 42
Porcine - adult 3143 3143 44
Bovine adult 0033 3133 32 (NO UPPER INCSORS DENTAL PAD)
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TEETH

•  LINGUAL surface of teeth next to the_______
• BUCCAL surface of teeth next to the_______
• LABIAL surface of teeth next to the_______
• OCCLUSAL surface of teeth for ____________

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Salivary GlandsIn animals these are composed of
3 pairs of glands and a variety of saliva
secreting glands. The primary salivary glands
are the__________, ____________and
____________. The dog also has a salivary gland
by the eye called the zygomatic gland
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SALIVARY GLANDS

• SALIVA ____________ fluid secreted by the
  salivary glands that functions to dissolve or
  lubricate food, facilitate swallowing, and
  initiate digestion

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