OES_TCD_2010

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Oxford Instruments Analytical GmbH Wellesweg
31 D- 47589 Uedem (Germany)
Jochen Meurs Senior Product Manager OES
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OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY
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It is all about light, wavelength and peaks
In 1666 Isaac Newton collected sunlight with a
magnifying glass, sent these beams of light
through a prism and observed the passing light on
a screen. He noticed a separation into colours.
This colour ribbon is called a spectrum.
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Physical basics - Atoms
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Physical basics - Atoms
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Physical basics - Atoms
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Physical basics emission of light
Energy
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Physical basics emission of light
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Physical basics - Light
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What is Light and what is a Spectrum

• Light
• General definition light is what we can see
• But light is a wave (energy) where different
  colours have different wavelengths (energy)
• Spectrum
• Is a continuous range or sequence defined in a
  particular order.
• The colours available in a rainbow and visible by
  the human eye define a spectrum in which the
  individual colours has a defined appearance order
  and going from lower to higher wavelength (blue
  to red)

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The Light Spectrum
100 nm
Ultraviolet

• The human eye is only able to see the spectral
  colours in the rainbow.
• Beside the visible part of the spectrum, the
  light spectrum has areas of waves the human eye
  can not determine.
• Only spectrometers are able to observe the entire
  range.

Violet 380 nm
400 nm
Blue 460 nm
Green 510 nm
Yellow 560 nm
Orange 610 nm
Red 660 nm
800 nm
Infrared
1000 nm
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Physical basics - Light
n c / l
Conversion Frequency / Wavelength (c speed of
light)
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Principal of a Spectrometer
Sample
Polychrome light
Light Emission
Power
The light is reflected and separated by the
diffraction grating. The spectra appears on the
Rowland Circle.
Readout of the Intensity, calculation of the
results
Steering of the source
Diffraction Grating, works similar like a prism
CCD for the readout of the light-intensity
Printout or storage of data
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Schematic view of optical system
Entrance Slit
Polychrome light, emitted during spark process,
passes through the entrance slit and falls on the
grating. The light is reflected and dispersed
into individual spectral lines. The separated
light is corresponding to particular wavelength
of elements. The light than falls simultaneously
on the CCD sensors.
Diffraction Grating Is like a concave mirror,
but with rules on it. Modern Gratings have up to
4000 rules/mm. The incoming light is reflected
and diffracted. The spectra appears.
CCD Chips
130 800 nm
Grating
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It is all about light, wavelength and peaks
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Elements and Wavelength

• Why do all elements have many different spectral
  lines?
• ....simply - each transition of an electron
  corresponds to a spectral line of a different
  wavelength
• The intensity relates to the probability of a
  transition
• Example Aluminium about 400 lines
• Ferrum about 4500 lines
• Uranium about 5000 lines
• Chromium about 2000 lines

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Spectrum of different samples
RE12 approx. 120 ppm C BAS 406 0.173 C BAS
407 0.49 C BAS 408 0.289 C BAS 409 0.086
C
C 193.1 nm
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Visible spectrum
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The Spectrum of Fe matrix between 268 nm and
273nm
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concentration
intensitiy
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PMT System limited element analysis
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CCD coverage of the entire range ? multi matrix
capable
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Fields of use for spark-OES 1. Steel plant
laboratories

• High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (ARL
  4460)
• Vacuum optical system
• LODs lt 10 ppm, 1 ppm typical
• determination of gases like N2 and O2 possible
• T(ime) R(esolved) S(pectrometry)
• PMT detectors
• laboratory automation

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Fields of use for spark-OES 2. Foundry
laboratories

• High performance SPARK OES spectrometer (OI
  FOUNDRY-MASTER Pro)
• Vacuum optical system
• LODs lt 50 ppm, 10 ppm typical
• determination of N2 possible
• CCD detectors
• good price / performance ratio

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Fields of use for spark-OES 3. semi-finished
products (e.g. tube manufacturers)

• Rugged mobile SPARK OES spectrometer (OI
  TEST-MASTER Pro)
• dust proof system
• LODs lt 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical
• determination of C, P, S possible
• CCD detectors
• 4 10 m probe umbilical
• in-line automation

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Fields of use for spark-OES 4. Fabricators
(incoming inspection)

• Versatile mobile / stationary SPARK OES
  spectrometer
• multi-matrix (all technical metals)
• LODs lt 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical
• determination of C, P, S possible
• CCD detectors
• grade identification
• easy adaption to irregular shapes

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Fields of use for spark-OES 5. PMI-testing
(refineries, power plants, ship yards)

• Versatile mobile SPARK OES spectrometer
• multi-matrix (all technical metals)
• LODs lt 100 ppm, 50 ppm typical
• determination of C, P, S possible
• CCD detectors
• grade identification
• easy adaption to irregular shapes
• battery operation

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Fields of use for spark-OES 6. Scrap sorting

• Handheld OES spectrometer
• multi-matrix (all technical metals)
• LODs lt 1000 ppm, 500 ppm typical
• CCD detectors
• grade identification
• easy adaption to irregular shapes
• battery operation
• Carbon determination not possible

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