USA Perspective

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USA Perspective

• Edwin Brush
• BBF

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Transformer Energy Efficiency300MVA Variations
Available
Losses (2) 60KW core, 833 KW conductor (3) 98KW
core, 360 KW conductor
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Transformer Energy Efficiency12MVA (Liquid
Filled)
Losses (2) gt80KW (3) 35KW
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Transformer Energy Efficiency50KVA (Liquid
Filled)
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Transformer Energy EfficiencyEnergy Efficiency
of Two Units1,500KVA DRY
Load Factor
65
85
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Transformer Energy Efficiency1,500 KVA
Transformers(dry) Actual Losses --Kilowatts
Losses as percent of transformer capacity
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Dry-Type Transformers-Copper Usage
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Why Promote Transformer Efficiency?

• U.S. Transformer losses are currently equivalent
  to 9 days/per year of total generation.
• These U.S. losses represent 37 million tons of
  CO2 110 million KG NO and 275 million KG SO2
• (CO2 equivalent of 8.5 million average cars)
• Source EPA Presentation

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fromBarnes, Van Dyke, McConnell and Das (1996),
Determination Analysis of Energy Conservation
Standards for Distribution Transformers
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Transformer Energy Efficiency

• Energy losses can be reduced 10 to 40 percent
  using a variety of available technologies
• EPA Energy Star Program

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Transformer Energy EfficiencyPotential U.S.
Electricity Savings -- Megawatts

• Dry 1,100
• Distribution 3,300
• Power 2,700
• Total 7,100

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Transformer Energy Efficiency

• NEMA
• TP-1
• TP-2
• TP-3

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Future Activities to Promote Cost-Effective,
Energy-Efficient Transformers

• Educate end-users
• Assist NGOs and others
• Assist regulators
• Develop manufacturer allies for market
  development efforts