Geosphere

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Geosphere

• 3rd Period

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Geosphere Compositional Layers

• Crust-thin outer layer makes up less than 1 of
  earths mass
• Mantle-middle layer composes approximately 64
  of earths mass
• Core-dense inner layer

Brittany Gardner
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Geosphere-Physical Layers

• Lithosphere-composed of crust and upper mantle
  divided into tectonic plates
• Asthenosphere-solid layer composed of slow moving
  mantle rock
• Mesosphere-lower mantle
• Outer Core-composed of liquid iron and nickel
• Inner Core-composed of same material as outer
  core but solid due to pressure, approximately
  4,000-5,000 degrees Celsius

Brittany Gardner
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The Geosphere (Asthenosphere)
Trevor Stump

• The asthenopshere is the layer beneath
  lithosphere.
• It is a plastic, solid layer of the mantle made
  of rock that flows very slowly and allows
  tectonic plates to move on top of it

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Tectonic Plates
Trevor Stump

• Tectonic plates are large continental plates that
  glide across the underlying asthenosphere in much
  the same way as a chunk of ice drifts across a
  pond.
• Some of the major tectonic plates include the
  pacific, North American, South American, African,
  Eurasian and Antarctic.

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Tectonic Plates (continued)
Trevor Stump

• The plate move away and collide with each other
  which causes mountain ranges and deep ocean
  abysses to form.

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What Causes Earthquakes?Tyler Mann

• A fault causes earthquakes which are breaks in
  the Earths crust.

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Four ways an Earthquake fault can occur

• Normal- Which is one side of the fault line moves
  down and the other plate moves up.
• Reverse- Is when one side of the fault line moves
  up and the other moves down.
• Oblique- Which is when the fault line moves
  horizontal and up and down.
• Strike Slip- Is a movement which fault line can
  make a left lateral earthquake and a right
  lateral earthquake

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Effect an earthquake has on land

• Two of the most common effects an earthquake has
  on land are.
• Tsunamis
• Fire

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Effects earthquakes have on life.

• Tsunamis can have a huge effect on life because
  they can make 100 ft. tall waves that can flood
  peoples houses.
• Fire can kill lots of people because of gas that
  has leaked because of the earthquake.

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Seismic Waves

• Waves of energy that travel through the earth
  caused by sudden breaking of rock within the
  earth or an explosion.
• It is energy that travels the earth and is
  recorded on seismographs.

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• There are three different seismic waves- each
  traveling at a different speed.
• Surface waves- travel along surface of the earth
• P (primary) S (secondary) waves- travel inside
  the earth

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Geosphere 6

• Jamie Worrell

• Describe the effects that a larger-scale volcanic
  eruption can have on the global climate.

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Volcanic Eruptions

• Jamie Worrell

• Large-scale volcanic eruptions can strongly
  influence the Earths climate.
• Volcanic Eruptions emit large amounts of sulfur
  dioxide gas into the air, causing a negative
  reaction in the Stratosphere.
• This reaction causes a haze to appear on the
  Stratosphere, this haze will reflect sunlight.

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Continued

• Jamie Worrell

• If a large scale eruption were to occur, the haze
  would be significantly larger.
• This would result in more reflected sunlight and
  in turn will cause global temperatures to
  decrease.

• Sources
• Arms, Karen. Holt Environmental Science. Austin
  Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2008.
• Http//www.global-greenhouse-warming.com/images/vo
  lcano_diagram.jpg
• Http//www.wiredprodigy.com/disasters.html
• Http//www.norcalblogs.com/watts/images/gcmE1.gif

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volcanic eruptions.

• They erupt near the tectonic plate boundaries.
• The volcano erupts when the pressure of the magma
  inside blows open the solid surface of the
  volcano.
• The eruptions can cause human loss.

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Earthquake eruptions.

• No one knows when earthquakes are going to occur.
• But information can tell you where it will occur
  so people can be prepared.

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What is a Erosion?

• A process in which the materials of Earths
  surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and
  are transported from one place to another by a
  natural agent, such as wind, water, ice, or
  gravity.

http//www.dartmoor-npa.gov.uk/print/lab-erosion2.
gif
http//teamcarterlces.com/images/erosion2.jpg
Jaclyn Lahodny
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Wind Erosion

• In places where plants grow the roots hold the
  soil in place. In places where there are no
  plants wind can blow soil away. When the wind
  blows the loose soil away it leaves big rock
  structures.

http//imagecache5.art.com/p/LRG/27/2707/RR1ND00Z/
melissa-farlow-a-rock-formation-shaped-by-wind-ero
sion-overlooks-the-grand-canyon.jpg
http//www.uwsp.edu/gEo/faculty/ritter/geog101/tex
tbook/images/lithosphere/eolian/rock_wind_abrasion
_p0772932441_NRCS.jpg
Jaclyn Lahodny
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Water Erosion.
Jaclyn Lahodny

• The flow of river water picks up loose soil and
  washes away this makes the river get wider over
  time. over time, rivers can carve deep gorges
  into the landscape. Ocean water can erode beaches
  especially during storms, washing the sand dunes
  away.

http//www.gemmadickens.com/uploads/2445d0b9138802
8239964068.jpg