Informational Systems:

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Developing Curriculumusing
Technology for All Americans
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Technology and Change

• One of our most important contributions as
  technology educators is to help learners
  understand and control technology.
• This means teaching them to deal with constant
  change.
• By consistently updating our curriculum, we have
  an excellent opportunity to teach this skill by
  example.

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New Paradigms for Education

• Standards-based Reforms
• Business/School Partnerships
• Increased Accountability
• Implementing New Technologies
• Portfolio and Performance-based Assessment
• Charter Schools and School Choice
• Others

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Why does Technology Education need TFAA?

• Outline what everyone should know and be able to
  do
• Organize curriculum into relevant paths of
  logical order
• Balance Content and Process
• Maintain the nations competitive edge

...We must create a foundation throughout the
nation for Technology Education for the next
century.
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What are appropriate steps in utilizing the TFAA
guidelines?
1. Develop a Rationale 2. Understand the concepts
presented in TFAA, their structure, their
purpose, and their interrelationships. 3.
Implement the concepts in curriculum development.
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Developing a Rationale
A. Define Technology, Technological Literacy, and
Technology Education. B. Identify Nature of
Students, Society, Technology, and the Purpose of
Education. C. Recognize various Learning theories
and Assessment strategies.
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Technology is ...

• ...Human Innovation in Action

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Technological Literacy
The ability to use, manage, and understand
technology.
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What is Technology Education?
Providing students with the concepts and
experience necessary to develop the understanding
and capability that they will need in a
constantly changing technological world.
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The Project

• Technology for All Americans
• Administered by the International Technology
  Education Association (ITEA)

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Overall Goal
To Promote Excellence in Technology Education

• Define the domain of Technology
• Create Standards
• Promote the study of Technology

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Timeline

• Phase I
• (September, 1994 - September, 1996)

Phase II (October, 1996 - December, 1999)
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Phase I

• A Starting Point

A Rationale and Structure for the Study of
Technology
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Universals
Contexts
Knowledge
Processes
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The Dimensions of the Content Standards Are

• UNIFYING CONCEPTS AND PROCESSES
• The History and Nature of
• Technology
• Design
• Develop and Produce Products
• and Systems
• Use and Manage Technology
• Assess the Impacts and
• Consequences of Technology
• Technological Connections

• UNIFYING CONTEXTS
• Physical Technology
• Chemical and Biological
• Technology
• Informational Technology

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Technology for All Americans A Rationale and
Structure for the Study of Technology
PROCESSES
KNOWLEDGE
(Technological Systems)
Nature and History of Technology
Designing Developing
Determining Controlling the Behavior of
Technological Concepts and Principles

Utilizing
Informational Systems
Assessing the Impacts Consequences of
Linkages
Physical Systems
Biological and Chemical Systems
CONTEXTS
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How are the Universals interrelated?
Knowledge
Processes
All must be properly balanced
Contexts
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Phase II
Development of Standards
Focus
Content Standards What do we want students to
know and be able to do?
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What standards are NOT.

• A Curriculum
• A Test
• A Federal Policy
• A Federal Mandate

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Standards Guidelines
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Format for Developing Standards
Universals of Technology
Dimensions of Technology
1.
Organizational Standards
1.1.
1.1.1.
Content Standards
Detail Standards
1.1.1.1.
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Developing Standards

• Writing Standards based on Universals

..we should work to identify universals which
will provide broad guidelines yet allow the
profession to continue to grow with technology.
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Dimensions of Technology

• Processes
• Designing and Developing Technological Systems
• Determining and Controlling the Behavior of
  Technological Systems
• Utilizing Technological Systems
• Assessing the Impacts and Consequences of
  Technological Systems
• Knowledge
• Nature and Evolution of Technology
• Linkages
• Technological Concepts and Principles

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Organizational Standards

• Broadly stated by grade levels in knowledge or
  process terms.
• Placed in the context of large technological
  systems.

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Content Standards

• List specifically what the student should know
  about and be able to do in technology.

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Example Universals
Knowledge
Contexts
Processes
The technology being considered should be based
upon context, processes and knowledge.
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Example Dimensions
The processes and knowledge must be recognized
from the appropriate context.
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Examples Organizational
Process based

• By the end of the twelfth grade, each student
  will be able to design technological systems.
• By the end of the fifth grade, each student will
  know and understand about the nature and
  evolution of technology.

Knowledge based
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Examples Content

• In designing and developing at the 12th grade
  level, the technologically literate student is
  able to
• 1.1.1 Identify need/purpose
• 1.1.2 Engage in Ideation
• 1.1.3. Select and clarify Criteria
• 1.1.4. Choose appropriate design medium
• 1.1.5. Choose appropriate design tools/machines

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Detail Standards

• Adds more details to each content standard in the
  context of each system.

1.1.1. Identify need/purpose 1.1.1.1.
Biological/Chemical 1.1.1.2. Informational 1.1.1
.3. Physical
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Example Detail

• What should every student know and be able to do
  in regard to information systems?

Students will design, build and test a local area
network (LAN) for use in the technology lab.
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Overview of Standards
Universals Dimensions Organizational Content Detai
l
Provide constants for a foundation
Identifies processes and knowledge appropriate to
the dimensions
Recognizes what a student should know about a
context.
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Process oriented organizational standards...
CONTENT
Process
Context
Knowledge
..have a parallel Knowledge dimension
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Example Paralleling
By the end of the twelfth grade, each student
will be able to design technological systems.
Dimensions of Technology

• Processes
• Designing and Developing Technological Systems
• Determining and Controlling the Behavior of
  Technological Systems
• Utilizing Technological Systems
• Assessing the Impacts and Consequences of
  Technological Systems

• Knowledge
• Nature and Evolution of Technology
• Linkages
• Technological Concepts and Principles

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Example parallel
Process

• Students to sketch various network topologies and
  solve problems concerning the advantages and
  disadvantages of each (possible computer model)
• Installing a Network Interface Card (NIC),
  (instructor demonstration)
• Configuring a Network Interface Card
• Joining a workgroup
• Sending and receiving electronic mail
• Using shared folders and files
• Using shared printers

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Examples Parallels
Knowledge

• Introduction to networks
• Review of communication concepts
• What is a network?
• Why we use networks

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An Experience in the Information Industry by Ben
Brotzby Terry CrisseyForest Hills High School
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Information Systems) Dimensions - Designing and
Developing Organizational - By the end of the
12th grade... Content - In designing and
developing at the 12th grade level.. Detail -
Students will design, build and test a system
which will access raw satellite data and other
information and converting this combination to
useful information for use by a variety of
customers.
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Intranet Design Challenge by Joe
GabrielLamberton Middle SchoolCarlisle Area
School District
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Information Systems) Dimensions - Designing and
Developing Organizational - By the end of the
12th grade... Content - In designing and
developing at the 12th grade level.. Detail -
Students will design build and test an Intranet.
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TFAA was applied to these Technological areas.

• Aviation
• Composting
• Speaker
• Simple Machines
• Maglev
• Dragster

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Aviation Design ChallengebyRandy Edelman, Dan
Stoddard, Martin Meier, Rob Cuthie
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Physical Systems) Dimensions - Designing and
Developing Organizational - By the end of the
12th grade... Content - In designing and
developing at the 12th grade level.. Detail -
Students will design and develop an airfoil.
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CompostingbyJeff Dubosq, Andrew Etter, William
G. Turner
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Biological/Chemical) Dimensions - Designing and
Developing Organizational - By the end of the
12th grade... Content - In designing and
developing at the 12th grade level.. Detail -
Students will design and develop composting
system.
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Speaker ActivitybyTim Marks, Jason Sellers,
Wayne Neveling
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Information Systems) Dimensions - Designing and
Developing Organizational - By the end of the
12th grade... Content - In designing and
developing at the 12th grade level.. Detail -
Students will design and develop a speaker system.
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Simple Machinesby Jim Oplinger, Ron Ruth, Matt
Uibel
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Physical Systems) Dimensions - Technological
Concepts and Principles Organizational - By the
end of the 5th grade... Content - The knowledge
of Technological Concepts at the 5th grade
level.. Detail - Students will know and
understand the basics of mechanics.
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Mag - Lev byMichael A. Boyer, Matt Huesgen,
Roger Lauver, Stan Kusczawa
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Physical Systems) Dimensions - Designing and
Developing Organizational - By the end of the
12th grade... Content - In Designing and
Developing at the 12th grade level.. Detail -
Students will design and develop a magnetic rail
transportation system.
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Dragster Aerodynamicsby Ken Lyle, Courtney
Moyer, Dan Scott
Universals -Processes, Knowledge, Context
(Physical Systems) Dimensions - Designing and
Developing/Other Knowledge Organizational - By
the end of the 12th grade... Content - In
Designing and Developing at the 12th grade
level.. Detail - Students will design and develop
an aerodynamic Dragster.