ME

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What behaviors does an extravert tend to express?
Assertive
Talkative
ME
Hand gestures
Energetic
Sociable
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RBQ questionnaire
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Procedure

• Watch three participants answer several questions
• Obtain each participants BFI scores

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Enter data!
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Analyze data

• Excel

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How many behaviors do you need to code?

• These previous examples coded many behaviors
• Pro
• Very rich data
• Good if your not 100 sure what to expect
• Con
• Takes a long time
• Can sometimes produce confusing results
• Sometimes if you have a specific question you
  might only need to code a single behavior

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Observational Research on the Internet

• Pros
• Cheap
• Easy
• Huge samples
• New and interesting world
• People are more free to express themselves
• Cons
• Not necessarily the real world
• Easy to deceive

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Outline

• 1) Internet background
• 2) Examples of Internet Studies
• 3) P IV Using Internet Personals to Study
  Smoking and Drinking
• 4) P V Using Studies on the Internet

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Internet Use

• In the United States, over 100 million people
  have access to the Internet
• Frequent uses of the Internet
• Conduct business
• Keep in touch with friends
• Seek emotional support
• Search for romantic partners
• Ways to communicate via the Internet
• Email
• Web pages
• Blogs
• Chat rooms

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Cyberspace Culture(Markey, Wells, Markey,
2001 2003)

• Affords the opportunity to be completely
  anonymous
• Physical appearances and non-verbal cues are
  virtually non-existent

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Cyberspace Culture(Markey, Wells, Markey,
2001 2003)

• Humans are still responsible for sending and
  producing the text that others read
• Traditional methods and models of personality and
  social psychology should continue to find support
  in this medium (Markey, 2000, Markey et al.,
  2001 2003)

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Internet Love
All 28-year-old Trevor Tasker wanted to do was
fly to South Carolina, meet up with his Internet
love and get married. Instead, he finds himself
still single. It turns out the 30-something
woman he met and wooed over the Internet is
really
Associated Press (2000)
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Internet Love
a 65-year-old woman jailed earlier this month
after authorities found the body of her former
roommate in a freezer at her home.
Associated Press (2000)
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Participants

• One-on-One Condition
• 84 participants
• 71 female 29 male
• Group Condition
• 72 participants
• 72 female 28 male

Markey Wells, 2002
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The Five-Factor Model of Personality
Extraversion sociability, excitement-seeking,
assertiveness Agreeableness altruism,
friendliness, kindness Conscientiousness
organization, responsibility, planfulness Neuroti
cism anxiety, hostility, depression Openness
aesthetic sense, curiosity, intellect
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One-on-One Condition

• Participants were run in groups of six
• Three participants in Room A
• Three participants in Room B

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One-on-One Condition

• Each participant in Room A interacted with each
  participant in Room B
• Each dyadic interaction lasted 15 minutes
• Participants were allowed to discuss anything

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hey whats up Hi do your finger tips hurt yet?
) no im just really tire what about you Not much
going on here. I feel like a caged animal here
behind that curtain do you chat on line a lot No,
this is my first time. Im really slow with
typing so forgive me. its okay but this is
basically what it is like to chat online Is
it? except you have a lot of guys ask you to have
cyber sex with them
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Group Condition

• Participants were run in groups of six
• Three participants in room A
• Three participants in room B
• All six participants interacted in a single chat
  room for 15 minutes

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Self-Judge Agreement
p lt .05
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Internet Love
I will never go on the Internet again. You just
cant tell who you are talking to on that
thing. Trevor Tasker
Associated Press (2000)
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Internet Advertisements

• Webpage

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Internet Advertisements

• Webpage

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Internet Advertisements

• Email
• Want to go to Hawaii for little money? To start
  your tropical vacation click here to find out
  more information.

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The Foot-in-the-Door Technique

• A technique which increases compliance with a
  large request by first getting compliance with a
  smaller, related request
• Example
• People are first asked to wear a tiny button
  supporting a worthy cause
• Later they are asked to put a billboard on their
  lawn

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FIRST STEP
SECOND STEP
TACTIC
Foot-in-the-Door
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FIRST STEP
SECOND STEP
TACTIC
Gain Targets Compliance With a Small Request
Foot-in-the-Door
example Would you sign a petition to help feed
starving ex-CEOs?
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FIRST STEP
SECOND STEP
TACTIC
Gain Targets Compliance With a Small Request
Make A Related, Larger Request
Foot-in-the-Door
Would you sign a petition to help feed starving
ex-CEOs?
Would you work for 2 weeks in the CEO soup
kitchen?
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The Foot-in-the-Door Technique

• Compliance with the initial request changes ones
  self-image to be consistent with that first favor
  
• It would be inconsistent with this image to
  refuse the second request

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Does the foot in the door work online?

• 200 people were observed in Internet Chat rooms
• 100 people (intrusive only)
• Randomly selected
• Asked Hi, my name is Chris. I dont think my
  email is working. Can you send me an email to
  chrissmith_at_hotmail.com?
• 100 people (initial, then intrusive)
• Randomly selected
• Asked Hi, my name is Chris. Can you tell me how
  to check someones profile?
• Next, asked I dont think my email is working.
  Can you send me an email to chrissmith_at_hotmail.com
  ?

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The Foot-in-the-Door Technique

• Compliance with the initial request changes ones
  self-image to be consistent with that first favor
  
• It would be inconsistent with this image to
  refuse the second request

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• My God, theres something I havent mentioned,
  but its a very important part of the equation.
  The people Im mourning the loss of, Ive ejected
  from my life. Kitty had to endure my going to
  jail twice and being embarrassed in front of her
  parents. Amanda I murdered because her mother
  stood between us. . . . Okay, Larry, what do
  you mean, you murdered your daughter? Is this
  emotional hyperbole or cold fact? And are you
  getting professional help? Worriedly, Elisa
• OK, it seems to me that theres a great deal of
  risk to this my email can be traced, Ive been
  wide open about my identity. But somehow Ive
  unintentionally left the impression that Im
  flailing myself for some sort of weird
  self-gratification. Maybe I do that to some
  extent. But when I talk about killing my
  daughter, theres no imaginative subcomponent.
• I suffered for years trying to get custody of her
  after her mother divorced me. When I did, I still
  had to deal with her mothers constant attempts
  to take her back. I had the upper hand in fact,
  her mother gave up her summer custody just before
  I killed Amanda. . . . . .I let her watch the
  videos she loved all evening, and when she was
  asleep I got wickedly drunk, set our house on
  fire, went to bed, listened to her scream twice,
  climbed out the window and set about putting on a
  show of shock, surprise and grief to remove
  culpability from myself. Dammit, part of that
  show was climbing in her window and grabbing her
  pajamas, then hearing her breathe and dropping
  her where she was so she could die and rid me of
  her mothers interferences.
• Whew Larry I for one have been thinking about
  your post just after you wrote it and I happened
  to be on line. I guess I feel that I should say
  something even though I am not one that has
  been corresponding much with you recently but
  because I am a pediatrician and a mother.
• I must admit to being a little confused in that
  Im not sure, other than numbing the situation,
  what role that alcohol played in this. What you
  described does not sound rational even in
  drunkeness and I suspect, from what you said, you
  dont understand it a well either. obviously,
  you should have been prosecuted and managed not
  to be I would assume your ex-wife does not know
  this which makes your sharing with this group
  very very weighty I think.
• Larry, Several folks have sent me private emails
  expressing genuine concern over some of the stuff
  that youve posted very recently. They are
  concerned, that you might be contemplating
  suicide or other drastic, harmful and ultimately
  counterproductive actions aimed at dealing with
  what seems to have become for you an awful
  situation. Im writing for all of the folks who
  wrote me offlist, and I believe for all of the
  folks on this list, to urge you to seriously
  think about contacting a therapist and working
  things through with yourself in a safe manner.
  Take care of yourself, my friend. And let us all
  know how things are going. The people here really
  care about you.

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• Only three of the 200 members reported the
  confession to authorities!
• Why?
• Moral confusion?
• Cyberspace culture?
• Case of Kitty Genovese

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Method

• 4,833 participants were observed in 400 different
  chat rooms
• Entered a chat room (recorded the of people)
• Asked for help with a simple problem
• Recorded how long it took for someone to respond

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Results

• Correlation .30
• Thus, the more people in a chat room the longer
  it took to receive help

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Web pages

• Can a home page or My Space tell us something
  about the authors personality?

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Method

• 89 Web pages were collected.
• 11 Judges guessed at the personality of the
  person who made the web page using the
  Five-Factor Model
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Conscientiousness
• Neuroticism
• Openness to Experience

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Method

• People who made the web pages were emailed and
  asked to provide a measure of their own
  personality
• Extraversion
• Agreeableness
• Conscientiousness
• Neuroticism
• Openness to Experience

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Results

• Extraversion .26
• Agreeableness .31
• Conscientiousness .35
• Neuroticism .21
• Openness to Experience .42

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Internet Personal Ads

• I am very energetic, have a great sense of humor,
  honest, thoughtful, romantic and love to cook. I
  am looking for someone who is romantic, outgoing,
  has a great sense of humor and of course likes
  kids and animals. If you are out there maybe we
  can get together and talk.

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Internet Personal Ads

• I'm a very honest and true person who is down to
  earth. I'm sensitive with a big heart yet strong
  minded with lots of ambition. I have a lot of
  love inside to give to the right person.I'm a one
  man women who is very faithful and committed.

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Internet Personal Ads

• Because I am a professional individual, I dont
  believe in dating at the office to avoid
  "politics and rumors." Just got back into the
  dating loop, (just broke-up) But, Just got a new
  convertible! Want2go4 a ride?

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Internet Personal Ads

• . . I enjoy dining out occasionally, "in" is
  where I prefer, hands down. When you have a pool
  table, air hockey, swimming pool, jacuzzi, and a
  karaoke "system" (not machine) at your disposal,
  you tend to be content staying home for the most
  part. I work hard for what I have. . . .

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Results

• Top 3 qualities men and women look for
• Intelligence
• Kindness
• Love

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Results

• Women tend to seek (Provider characteristics)
• Tall and strong
• 80 say they want a male over 6 feet
• Good earning potential
• Older males

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Results

• Men tend to seek (Child bearing characteristics)
• Younger women
• Attractive
• Full lips, clear and smooth skin, clear eyes,
  lustrous hair, and good muscle tone

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Why?

• Men and women seeking the same thing
• Greatest possible likelihood for successful
  reproduction
• Women bear children
• Youth related to success (reproductive peak)
• Attractiveness related to successful reproduction
  
• e.g., lips, complexion, etc.
• Men's contribution is support
• Most men produce healthy sperm (regardless of age)

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What are some basic characteristics of smokers?

• Age?
• Gender?
• Income?
• Attractiveness?

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What are some basic characteristics of drinkers?

• Age?
• Gender?
• Income?
• Attractiveness?

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Project IV Observational research using
Internet personal ads
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Codes
Income Attractive Smoke Drink Gender
Less than 24,000 1 Rate 1 - 10 No 1 No 1 Male 0
25,000 - 34,999 2 Socially 2 Socially 2 Female 1
35,000 - 49.999 3 Daily 3 Daily 3
50,000-74,999 4
75,000-99,999 5
100,000 - 149,99 6
More than 150,000 7
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YAHOO!

• Click Personals
• Click Become a YAHOO member
• Enter information
• Click Create a free profile
• 1) You can put anything here (only fill out )
• 2) You do not need to make your profile
  searchable
• You are ready! (click search)
• Be a female searching for males
• Enter age range 18 to 99
• Create and complete a data sheet
• Collect 10 male ads
• Do not record I dont want to say
  smoking/drinking ads

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YAHOO!

• Collect 10 female ads
• Do not record I dont want to say
  smoking/drinking ads

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Analyze Data

• Correlate smoking with age, income,
  attractiveness
• Compute of men and of women
• Average(Array)
• Correlate alcohol with age, income,
  attractiveness
• Compute of men and of women
• Average(Array)

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Project V Using Studies on the Internet
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• Numerous internet pages have psychology
  experiments that you can use!
• http//jonathan.mueller.faculty.noctrl.edu/crow/ac
  tivities.htm
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/index_
  surveys.shtml

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How good are you a judging the meaning of a
behavior?

• 1) complete an online questionnaire
• http//www.queendom.com/
• Click Communication Tests
• Under relationship tests

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• 2) complete smile experiment
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/survey
  s/smiles/index.shtml

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How good are you at judging the meaning of a
behavior?

• 1) complete questionnaire
• 2) complete smile experiment
• 3) enter and analyze data

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Just for fun

• http//viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/grafs/demos/15.html