Healthy Development of Children

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Healthy Development of Children

• Unit 2
• Lesson 2
• HPW 3C

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Healthy Development of Children

• This lesson will focus on an understanding of
  harmful factors that are detrimental to the
  healthy development of a child, with an emphasis
  on proposing solutions.

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Environmental Influences

• The term "Environmental Influences" means
  'factors within' our society that can cause harm
  to the development of a child. These factors are
  'controllable' meaning an individual can limit
  or increase the use by simply making the choice
  to do so.
• In this lesson, the student will come to
  understand the effect three (3) environmental
  influences will have on the child. The three
  influences are
• smoking
• alcohol
• illegal drugs

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Key Question

• Using the Internet, conduct research to find
  answers for the following questions. Make sure
  you list the sources you used to find your
  information.
• A. SMOKING
• What substances do cigarettes contain that are
  harmful to the developing child?
• What effect does smoking have on the developing
  child? State at least five different effects.
• What is SIDS? What is the relationship between
  smoking and SIDS?
• B. ALCOHOL
• What is FAS? How is it caused?
• Explain the effect FAS has on the child.
• State five (5) facial features FAS children will
  exhibit.
• What is FAE? Explain how it differs from FAS.
• What problems will might a child experience
  socially, emotionally, and intellectually if
  he/she has FAE?
• How much alcohol is safe to drink when pregnant?
• C. ILLEGAL DRUGS
• Explain the effects a child might suffer if a
  pregnant woman smokes marijuana dur-ing her
  pregnancy.
• Explain the effects a child might suffer if a
  pregnant woman uses cocaine or crack during her
  pregnancy.

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)?
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Definition(s)

• Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder is a medical
  condition describing birth defects in children
  whose mothers drank alcohol when they were
  pregnant.
• FASD, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal
  Alcohol Effects (FAE) are some of the most
  commonly used terms to refer to to the wide range
  of symptoms and conditions resulting from
  exposure to prenatal alcohol.
• FASD is used to describe the full range of brain
  damage caused by prenatal exposure to alcohol.

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FAS / FAE

• FAS / FAE is a problem found in all races and all
  socio-economic groups.
• Between 1,200 and 8,800 infants are born with FAS
  every year in the U.S. (Centers for Disease
  Control)?

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FAS is hard to diagnose for several reasons

• No one symptom alone can identify FAS.
• There are no widely accepted medical tests to
  diagnose FAS.
• Some behavioural mental problems may not
  develop until the child is older.
• It is hard to get a good assessment of the
  mothers alcohol use.
• Many health care providers are unfamiliar with
  and untrained in the issues of alcohol use among
  pregnant women.

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The Risk

• At least one out of every five pregnant women
  uses alcohol and/or drugs, even though NO SAFE
  AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL HAS BEEN SET FOR A PREGNANT
  WOMAN
• Drinking at any time during pregnancy can cause
  birth defects
• Alcohol is a teratogen that causes cell death.
  Whenever a woman stops drinking, she reduces the
  risk of having an infant with FAS/FAE

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Alcohols Effect

• FAS is a set of birth defects that affect the
  brain, the face, and physical growth.
• It is characterized by behaviour problems,
  learning disabilities, pre- and post-natal growth
  retardation, and specific facial abnormalities.
• It is the leading cause of preventable mental
  disabilities

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FAS

• First defined in 1973
• FAS does not refer to an infant born drunk or
  addicted to alcohol.
• However some infants with FAS have withdrawal
  symptoms, including tremors.

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What This Means

• The alcohol passes from the mothers bloodstream
  to the fetus through the placenta.
• The alcohol runs through the fetuss bloodstream,
  out into the amniotic fluid that surrounds it,
  and is taken in a second time.
• The alcohol is absorbed by the tissues that have
  high water content (the brain, liver, pancreas,
  kidney, lungs, thymus and heart).

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Binge Drinking

• The level of alcohol in the fetuss blood is
  often two times higher than in the mothers
  blood.
• Binge drinking can be just as harmful to an
  unborn infant as a small amount of alcohol every
  day. This defined as having four or more drinks
  in a row.
• Even one instance of binge drinking can be very
  harmful to an unborn infant.

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Risk By tri-mester

• Developing organs are at the greatest risk for
  damage during the first trimester.
• An increased risk of spontanous abortion occurs
  in the second trimester.
• Drinking during the third trimester can interfere
  with the infants growth, especially the brain.

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Characteristics

• Cognitive Delays
• Slowed growth
• Central Nervous System damage
• Head and facial abnormalities
• Behavioural abnormalities
• Remember physical symptoms may be present, but
  sometimes arent.

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Organizations

• National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
  (NOFAS)?
• www.nofas.org
• http//depts.washington.edu/fadu/
• www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fas/

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Women and Alcohol Quiz

• 1. Which substance do women abuse most?
• Alcohol
• Cocaine
• Heroin
• crack

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• 2. Which effect of alcoholism affects more women
  than men?
• Liver disease
• Suicide
• Alcohol related accidents
• All of the above

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• 3. Of the 15.1 million people who are alcoholics,
  how many are women?
• 15.1 million (all)?
• 4.6 million (1/3)?
• 3 million ( 1/5)?
• 7.55 million (1/2)?

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• 4. Alcohol abuse decreases a womans
  life-expectancy by
• 15 years
• 10 years
• 5 years
• It doesnt decrease her life- expectancy.

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• 5. What percentage of women who enter treatment
  for substance abuse have been victims of physical
  or sexual abuse?
• 25-30
• 50-65
• 75-80
• 95-100

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• 6. What percentage of women being treated for
  alcoholism have also been diagnosed with
  depression?
• 33
• 44
• 55
• 66

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• 7. How many infants born each year are believed
  to suffer the effects of their mothers drug use?
• 3,750
• 37,500
• 375,000
• 3, 750,000

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• 8. Women who have an alcohol addiction
• Are judged less harshly by their family society
  than men who drink
• Are less likely than men to hide their drinking
• May be more protected than men by their families
  and law enforcement authorities and discouraged
  from seeking treatment
• All of the above

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• 9. Women usually choose NOT to seek treatment
  because they fear
• Losing their children
• Prison
• Losing their significant other
• All of the above

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• 10. Women who drink alcohol during their
  pregnancies increase chances of their babies
  being born with
• Low birth weight
• Small stature
• Defects
• All of the above

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Baby Brain Development

• Good practices during pre-natal and early
  childhood development are essential to optimal
  brain development
• Pre-natal to 6 years old sets the stage for
  future physical and mental development
• (ability to cope with stress)
• At birth
• -almost 100 billion neurons at birth (more than
  will ever be needed)
• (about as many starts as there are in the milky
  way)

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Deprivation

• lack of adequate care and/or resources resulting
  in babies/young children not being able to
  fulfill their potentialities.
• -lifelong consequences (abuse, neglect, poor
  diet)
• -affects learning, health, relationships,
  behavior, ability to provide for oneself
• THIS IS NOT TRUE 100 OF THE TIME THIS IS THE
  GENERAL TREND
• (outlier people who overcome adverse conditions
  of neglect)
• a dot off of the plotted line

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Brochure

• Assume you have been hired by a family prevention
  centre whose focus is to help women stay healthy
  during pregnancy. Your task is to prepare a
  brochure outlining the harmful effects of any one
  of the environmental influences you have just
  studied.
• Prepare the brochure using 8 ½ X 11 inch paper.
  You should use a computer to pre-pare this
  brochure Microsoft Word or Corel Word Perfect
  allows 3-column functions that can produce
  adequate brochures.
• 1. The brochure should contain all the necessary
  details you just discovered during your research.
  
• 2. Suggested headings to incorporate into your
  3-sided brochure are
• Problem?
• Effects?
• Statistics?
• Prevention?
• Where to get help?
• How to avoid? etc
• Be sure the brochure catches the attention of the
  reader by including an eye-catching cover. The
  back should suggest where the reader could obtain
  more information. Be sure to incorporate the use
  of colour, graphics, different size fonts and any
  other aes-thetic enhancement.