Social Change

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Social Change
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Social Change

• The transformation of culture and social
  institutions over time.
• Social change happen all the time.
• Social change is often intentional but often
  unplanned.
• Social change is controversial.
• Social changes matter more than other.

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Causes of Social Change

• Culture Change
• Invention, discovery, diffusion.
• Conflict Change
• Ideas Change
• Demographic Change

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Modernity

• Social Pattern resulting from industrialization
• Modernization Process of social change begun
  by industrialization.
• Peter Berger (1977) gives Four Dimensions of
  Modernization
• The decline of small traditional communities.
• The expansion of personal choice.
• Increasing social diversity.
• Future orientation growing awareness of time.

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Ferdinand TonniesThe Loss Of Communities

• Theory of Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft.
• Gemeinschaft human community.
• Gesellschaft self interest
• Industrial revolution weakened the social fabric
  of family tradition by introducing business
  like emphasis on fact efficiency money.
• But Tonnies overlooked bonds of family,
  neighborhood friendship in modern society, even
  in the world of strangers modern friendship can
  be strong lasting.

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Emile Durkheim The Division of Labor

• Modernization is defined as increasing division
  of labor, or specialized economic activity
• Pre industrial societies are held together by
  mechanical solidarity, or shared moral
  sentiments.
• Mechanical solidarity virtually the same as
  Tonnies Gemeinschaft.
• Modernization introduce division of labor
  organic solidarity, mutual dependency of people
  engaged in specialized work.
• Organic solidarity virtually the same as Tonnies
  Gesellschaft.

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Emile Durkheim The Division of Labor continue..

• Modern societies are held together not by
  likeness but by difference.
• Modernization is not the loss of community but as
  the change from community based likeness to
  community based economic interdependence.
• Durkheim had optimistic approach but he feared
  that modern societies become so diverse that they
  would collapse into state of anomie, a condition
  in which norms values become weak
  inconsistent with little moral guidance.
• Anomie a condition in which norms values
  become weak inconsistent with little moral
  guidance.

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Max Weber Rationalization

• Modernity means replacing traditional world view
  with a rational way of thinking.
• Modern people adopt whatever social pattern allow
  them to achieve their goals.
• He favors technological organizational
  advancement but worried that science turn us away
  from more basic question about human existence.

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Karl Marx Capitalism

• Modern societies are same as capitalism.
• Modernity weakened small communities, sharpened
  the division of labor foster a rational world
  view.
• He saw all these as conditions of capitalism.
• Social conflict in capitalist societies results
  revolutionary change
• Underestimating the dominance of bureaucracy.

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Postmodernity

• Social pattern characteristic of post industrial
  societies.
• In important respects, modernity has falled.
• The bright light of progress is fading.
• Science no longer holds the answer.
• Cultural debates are intensifying.
• Social institutions are changing.