Kentaro Toyama

1
Changing Needs Really?

• Kentaro Toyama
• Visiting Scholar
• University of California, Berkeley
• Economic and Social Council 2011 High-Level
  Segment
• United Nations Geneva July 8, 2011

2
Can you tell the difference?
Photos Kentaro Toyama, http//www.livemint.com/im
ages/4D7256D8-409A-41F2-B368-249442FEAB12ArtVPF.gi
f
3
Technology in Education

• Believed to be...
• Good
• Transformational
• Necessary
• Worries about...
• Digital Divide
• Falling behind

Photo Udai Pawar
4
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5
Technology Is Not Always Good

• Technology requires ongoing support
• Cost
• Cost
• Cost
• Training
• Maintenance
• Infrastructure
• Curriculum integration
• Technology distracts
• Students
• Teachers
• Administrators
• Technology can lead to dependence,
• addiction, inability to focus

Photo credit Rajesh Veeraraghavan
6
Research Shows Mixed Impact

• Mark Warschauer et al. (USA)
• PCs amplify existing inequalities
• Leigh Linden et al. (India, Peru)
• PCs dont substitute for teachers
• PCs rarely cost-effective
• Ana Santiago et al. (Peru)
• Mixed results with OLPC
• Todd Oppenheimer (USA)
• Technology distracts from real education
• Larry Cuban, Mike Trucano, Wayan Vota, Ofer
  Malamud, etc.

7
Good Education is Possible With Little Technology

• Finland
• 1st out of 57 countries
• OECDs PISA (2003, 2006)
• Science, math, reading
• Back to basics approach
• Limited technology
• Blackboards, overhead projectors
• Computer labs only for computer classes
• No mobile phones, iPods in class
• Hi-tech workforce
• Linux
• Nokia
• Same as mid-1900s USA, Japan, Germany, England,
  France, etc.

Photo credit Sanna Schildt
8
21st Century Education

• No different than good 20th century education!
• Ensure foundation first!
• Administration and teachers
• Foundational curriculum
• Measurable student achievement
• Technology cannot substitute for
• Institutional foundation.
• Technology then helpful for
• Computer literacy
• Programming
• Targeted applications

Photo credit Joyojeet Pal
9
Can you tell the difference?
Technology consumer Income 1,200
Technology producer Income 16,000
10
Thank you!
Photo Kentaro Toyama
kentaro_toyama_at_hotmail.com http//www.kentarotoyam
a.org