End-to-End Services

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End-to-End Services

• Kentaro Toyama, PhD
• Assistant Managing Director
• Microsoft Research India
• 4th Convention of the National Alliance for
  Mission 2007
• New Delhi August 2, 2007

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Microsoft Research India

• Established January, 2005
• Goals
• World-class academic research
• Contributions to Microsoft products and
  businesses
• Support growth of research programs in India and
  elsewhere
• Six research areas
• Cryptography, Security, and Algorithms
• Digital Geographics
• Mobility, Networks, and Systems
• Multilingual Systems
• Rigorous Software Engineering
• Technology for Emerging Markets
• Collaborations with government, academia,
  industry, and NGOs

Microsoft Research India Sadashivnagar, Bangalore
http//research.microsoft.com/india
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Kiosk Research

• Rural kiosks and telecentres
• Ethnographic studies
• 200 site visits in India and Africa, over 2.5
  years
• 550 hours of in-depth interviews, both
  open-ended and structured
• Interviews with kiosk agencies
• 20 organizations
• Small NGOs, start-up firms, MNCs, state
  governments, academics
• Kiosk surveys
• 300 kiosks, 2 years, once per quarter, 5
  customers, 1 operator per kiosk, n-Logue and
  Drishtee w/Kiri et al.
• 1250 people, single survey, Kerala w/Pal et al.
• Results from software logging tool
• 13 kiosks in Maharashtra
• Discussions with third-party observers
• Literature in journals, books, web sites,
  whitepapers

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What does End-to-End mean?
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
knowledge server
knowledge client
knowledge digitization
knowledge mediator
knowledge source
knowledge beneficiary
physical transport
physical centre
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e-Government
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
government datacenter
village PC
digitization
mediator
citizen
government
official documents
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Telemedicine
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
VTC client
VTC client
healthcare worker
doctor
patient
physical transport
hospital
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Education
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
content database
rural PC
content capture
teacher
master teacher
student
teacher training
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Agriculture
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
agri-info server
knowledge client
digitization
(extension worker)
agriculture expert
farmer
harvest transport
market
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Rural ICT?
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
knowledge server
knowledge client
knowledge digitization
knowledge mediator

• Challenges
• capital costs
• operational costs
• power/connectivity infrastructure
• good location
• etc.

knowledge source
knowledge beneficiary
This is not easy.
physical transport
But, its not the difficult part!!!
physical centre
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Content
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
knowledge server
knowledge client
knowledge digitization
knowledge mediator
knowledge source
knowledge beneficiary

• Challenges
• dedicated human expertise
• local language and content
• datacenter costs
• digitization effort and costs
• ongoing content maintenance
• etc.

physical transport
physical centre
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Capacity Building
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
knowledge server
knowledge client
knowledge digitization
knowledge mediator
knowledge source
knowledge beneficiary

• Challenges
• basic education
• training
• ongoing training
• replacing those who leave
• costs for all of the above
• etc.

physical transport
physical centre
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Supply Chain and Transport
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
knowledge server
knowledge client
knowledge digitization
knowledge mediator
knowledge source
knowledge beneficiary

• Challenges
• supply chain set-up
• road infrastructure
• routine transport
• cost of travel
• etc.

physical transport
physical centre
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The End-to-End Challenge
URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
knowledge server
knowledge client

• End-to-end services are
• geographically distributed
• human, physical, digital
• ongoing

knowledge digitization
knowledge mediator
knowledge source
knowledge beneficiary
physical transport
physical centre
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Order of implementation?
Source Server Connect-ivity Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment Govt data center Connect-ivity Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor VTC client Connect-ivity VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher Content repository Connect-ivity Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Micro-finance Bank / MFI Bank records Connect-ivity Rural client Loan officer Cash Borrower
Agriculture Agri expert Agri repository Connect-ivity Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
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Rural, but disconnected
Source Server Connect-ivity Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment Govt data center Connect-ivity Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor VTC client Connect-ivity VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher Content repository Connect-ivity Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Micro-finance Bank / MFI Bank records Connect-ivity Rural client Loan officer Cash Borrower
Agriculture Agri expert Agri repository Connect-ivity Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
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End-to-End Connects
Source Server Connect-ivity Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment Govt data center Connect-ivity Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor VTC client Connect-ivity VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher Content repository Connect-ivity Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Micro-finance Bank / MFI Bank records Connect-ivity Rural client Loan officer Cash Borrower
Agriculture Agri expert Agri repository Connect-ivity Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
The digital divide is not all digital!!!
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Scale is Incremental
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
Source Digitiza-tion Server Client Mediator Transport User
Governance Govern-ment digitiza-tion Govt data center Rural PC Operator Docu-ments Citizen
Health Doctor digitiza-tion VTC client VTC client Health worker Patients / medication Patient
Education Master teacher digitiza-tion Content repository Class-room PC Teacher ltnonegt Student
Financial services Bank digitiza-tion Bank records Rural client Financial officer Cash Custom-er
Agriculture Agri expert digitiza-tion Agri repository Rural PC Extension worker Agri inputs Farmer
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Summary Recommendations

• Focus on services end to end.
• Invest in the whole solution
• digital, physical, human
• Be prepared for sustained, distributed,
  high-skill effort to scale.

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Thank you!
http//research.microsoft.com/research/tem kentaro
.toyama_at_microsoft.com
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Template

• Challenges
• capital costs
• operational costs
• power/connectivity infrastructure
• good location
• etc.

URBAN
RURAL
connectivity
knowledge server
knowledge client
knowledge digitization
knowledge mediator
knowledge source
knowledge beneficiary
physical transport
physical centre