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Dept. of Mass Communication

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Title: Dept. of Mass Communication


1
????????????
  • Dept. of Mass Communication
  • I-Shou University
  • October/November 2006

2
????-?????
3
????????
4
?????
  • ???????(selective perception)??????????????,??????
    ???????????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????,?????????
    ?????????????
  • ??,??????????,?????????????,????????????,?????????
    ?

5
?????
  • ????????????????????????????(decoding)?
  • ??????????????,????????????????,??,???????????????
    ????,???????????????

6
???????
  • ??????(cultural expectation)????????,?????????????
    ???(binocular rivalry)??????????????,????????????
    ,???????????
  • ??,???????????,??????????,??????,?????????????????
    ?????????????,????????????????????????,???????????
    ????

7
?????
  • ????????????,??????????????????
  • ??????,???????????????????????????????????,???????
    ????,??????????
  • ????,????????????????????????,????????????,???????
    ???????

8
????????
  • ????????????????????????????,??????????????
  • lt???????gt,1971????lt???????gt???,???????????????????
    ??????,?????????????,??????????????,??????????????
    ?,?????,?????????????(????????)?????,??(?????)????
    ?(?????)??????????????????

9
?????
  • ?????????,???????????????????,?????????????
  • ????????????????????,????????,???????????????,????
    ????????????
  • ????,??????,??????,???????????????????????

10
???????
  • ???????????????????????????????????????????,??????
    ????????????,?????????????,???????????
  • ???????????,?????????,??????????????,??????????,??
    ????????????,????????????????
  • ??,??????,??????????????????????????,?????????????
    ???,?????

11
??????
  • ?????????????????????????????????,????????????????
    ?????????????????????????,??????????,?????????????
    ????????
  • ??????????,??????????,????????????,???????????????
    ?????????

12
????
  • ????????????????????????????????????????,????????
    ?????,?????????,??????(??????)???????(??)?????????
    ??????????????
  • ????????????????????,?????????????????????????????
    ??

13
?????
  • ?????????????????1957?,?????????????????,?????????
    ????,??????????(?1/3,000?)????????????????????

14
??????????
  • ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
    ??????,????????????????????????????????,??????????
    ???
  • ??????????????????????????????,??????????????????
    ????????,???????????????
  • ?????,?????????????????????????????,????????????,?
    ????????,????????,??????????????

15
??
  • ?????????(????)?????(????)????????????????????????
    ???????????????????????
  • ??????????????,??????????????????????,????????????
    ????????????????????(??)??,?????????????????

16
??
  • ??????,????????????????,?????????????,????????(???
    ?????????)??????????
  • ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
    ???,???????????????????????????????,??????????????
    ?????,???????????

17
????
  • Rumelhart??????????????????,????????,?????????????
  • ????(schema)????????,???????????????????(schemata
    )??????????
  • ???,????????????????????????,????????????????????

18
  • ?????????,??????????????????????????,?????????????
    ??????????
  • ?????????????,?????????????????????,????????

19
??????????
  • ??????
  • ???????????????,?????????????????(???,?81)?
  • ??????????????????????????,????????????????
  • ????????,????,????????,??,???????????????
  • ??????????????????????????????,??????????????
    ???????,????????????,?????? ?????????????????
    ????????,???????? ????????????

20
  • ????????
  • ?????????????, ?????????,?????????
    ,??????????????????????? .

21
  • ?1992 PGLiquid Ivory ??????
  • ????????????????
  • ????
  • But?Ivory ?? clear product ?
  • ????????????????
  • ?1992,Palmolive Sensitive Skin????
  • ?????mildness??? ( ?6.1 )
  • ?CRYSTAL PEPSI clear cola
  • ???????? ? Toward Clear
  • ?1993?,??32??????? ( 10? )
  • ????light??????????

22
  • Clear product????????????
  • Clear Water ? ???
  • health Benefits ? ??????
  • ??Color ? ? ?????Crystal Pepsi??cola??
  • ??
  • Clear product are in,color is out
  • with
  • ?????clear product mild,light,natural?in
    gredients

23
?????? ( EBM,CH14 ) or ????
  • 1. EBM??????( ?? p.269 )
  • ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ??

??
??
???
24
  • 2. Assael?????( ?? p.197 )
  • Selection ?? ??

?? ? ??
?? ? ??
25
  • Solomon ?The Perceptual Process ( Solomon p.56 )

??
26
4. Peter Olson ( p.135 ) Consumers Cognitive
Processes Involved
????
Attention Comprehension
Knowledge meanings beliefs
????
?? ?? ?? ?
Attitude Intentions Decision Making
Memory
Knowledge meaning beliefs
27
Information Exposure
  • ??????????? ( ?? ) ??,??????????????
  • (1) ?? - ??
  • (2) ??????

28
?6-1????
Selection
??
??
29
  • (?) ????????
  • A. ???????????????????????????????( Perceptual
    vigilance )
  • B. ????????????????? ? ???????( Perceptual
    defense )
  • ????????,????????
  • ????
  • ? ???
  • ????
  • ??????????????? ( ?6.5 )
  • ?????????? ? ?AIDS

30
  • (?) Perceptual Equilibrium ( ???????? )
  • ???? ?? ?????
  • ????????
  • A. Sherifs social judgment theory
  • ??
  • ? ????or??,???????
  • ?? ??????????????
  • B. Heiders balance theory
  • C. Cognitive dissonance theory?????????????

31
  • (?) Perceptual
  • ?????????????or???????
  • ???????????????????????,??????????or????
  • 1. ??????????,???????????????
  • 2. ???????????,???????,??????
  • ????????
  • ??????????????????????,??????????

32
  • (?) ????
  • ??
  • A??????????? ?? ?? ???
  • ?,?????
  • ?Ziari????
  • Sunglasses For A Brave New World
  • ????
  • ??????
  • ?????
  • B??????????????,?????
  • ??????

33
??
P 124
  • ????????????????,????????????????????????????
  • ????Craik?Locckhart ??Levels of Processing
    ??,????????,??????????,????????????(LTM)????????,
    ??????????(STM)?

34
P 124
Liata,??????????????????????????????(acoustic)????
?????
35
???????
36
?????????
P 125
  • ????????? -- ?????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ??????????????,??????????
  • ?????????????????,??????????,????????

37
?????
  • ?????????????????????
  • ?????????????????,?????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????,??????????
  • ?????????????????????,????????????
  • ??????????,????????????

38
??5-1 Ebbinghaus ?????
39
??????????
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ???????????????????,?????????????????????????????
    ????????????,????????
  • ????????????????,??????????,?????????????,????????
    ???
  • ???????????,??????????????????,???????????????,???
    ???????????????????

40
  • ?????????????????
  • ??????????????????????,??????????????,??5-2???????
    ??????

41
??5-2 ??????????
42
  • ?????(Selective Exposure)
  • ?????(Selective Attention)
  • ?????(Selective Distortion)
  • ?????(Selective Retention)
  • ????????Miller(1956)?????????(Memory
    Unit)??72?,?????????(Chunking)??,????????????????
    ????????,??????????????????

43
??5-3 ??????????
44
?????????????????,????????icon,?????????????
45
  • ????

46
????
  • ????????????????????,??????????
  • ???????icon,????????
  • ???????echo,???????(Neisser,1967),??????????(after
    image)?
  • ????????,????????????,???????????????????

47
  • ???????????????????,????????,???????????????????,?
    ?????????????????????????,?????????????,??????????
    ?????????????????????
  • Sperling(1963)???????????????????,???????,????????
    ????

48
????
  • ????(STM)????????(workingmemory),???????????,?????
    ?????????????
  • ????,???????,?????????
  • ?????,??????,????????18?20???
  • ????????,????????(consciously processed),????????
    ??,??????????

49
  • ?????????,??????????????(Shiffrin,l993),??????????
    ????????
  • ??,????????????,????????????,????????????????????
    ??,?????,??????????????,?????????????,????????????
    ????

50
????
  • ??????????????????????,??????,????????????(acousti
    c)???????
  • ??????George Miller????72????,?????5?9??,???????,
    ????????,??????????
  • ???????????,??????????,????????????????

51
  • ??(chunk)???????????,???????????????,?????????refr
    igerator????????12???,??????re-fri-ger-a-tor??????
    ?,?12???????????????????
  • 63819842??????????,??????6-38-1984-2,??38???????,?
    ???????,1984?????,??????????,??????????,?????????

52
????
  • ???????????????,??????????????,????????
  • ??????????,????????????????,???????????????,??????
    ??????

53
?????????????
  • ?????????????,????????????????,???????????????????
    ???????
  • ???????????????,????????????????????????

54
  • ?????????----?????????
  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????
    ??????????

55
  • ???????????????????????????
  • ??????????????????????,??????????
  • ???????icon,???????????????echo,????????

56
  • ??????????,??????????,????????,????????,??????????
    ????
  • ???????????????,??????

57
  • ????????,???????????????,?????????
  • ????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
    ????,???????,??????????????,??????????,???????????

58
  • ?????????????????
  • ????????????????,?????????????????????????
  • ?????????????,?????????????

59
  • ?????????????????????,?????,??????,??????????????
    ,???,???????,???????

60
  • ??????????????????????,???????????????????????????
    ?????????,???????
  • ?????????????

61
????
62
????
  • 1.??????? ?? ??????
  • 2.????????????
  • 3.??????????????????
  • 4.??????????????????

63
  • ???????
  • ? ????
  • ???????, ???????????? ??? ??? ???
    ??,?????????????

64
  • HassinTrope(2000)??????????????? ???
    ?????????????????????,??? , ??????????????????????
    ????
  • ???????????? ,?????????????????? ?????????????

65
  • ??????
  • ?????????,????????????????,??????????(script)?

66
  • ???????????????, ????????????????? ????????????
  • 1.??????????????????
  • 2.????????????????

67
  • ????
  • ???????????,????????????,?????????????????????????
    ?????,????????

68
  • ???,??????????????
  • ??
  • ????
  • ??
  • ??(??????)

69
  • ???????
  • ??????????????????????(??)?????? ??????
  • ??????????????????????????, ????,
    ???????????????? ?
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