RULES FOR APA WRITING

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RULES FOR APA WRITING

• APA
• American Psychological Association

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TYPING INSTRUCTIONS

• All margins are 1 inch, no more-no less. When
  typing in Word, the 1 inch margins are usually
  default.
• Manuscript is LEFT-justified (that means the
  right side will be uneven).
• Use Times New Roman
• Use font size 12
• Double Space

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TITLE PAGE

• Number all pages BEGINNING with title (or cover)
  page. Page number goes in the upper-right
  corner.
• On the left-hand margin of the title page, write
  Running head followed by a short version of the
  title
• (Note The next slide demonstrates an APA 6th
  edition model title page. Title page information
  may vary depending on instructors
  recommendations.)

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• Running head SMOKING ON CAMPUS 1
• Smoking Issues on Campus
• Pat Student
• South Texas College

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TITLE PAGE

• Add a title in the center of the title page.
• Do not place quotation marks around title.
• Do not underline title.
• Do not italicize title.
• Title should be 2 5 words.
• Titles do not end with punctuation because they
  are not full sentences.

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AVOID WIDOWS AND ORPHANS

• Avoid leaving a single line at the bottom of a
  page (i.e., first line of a paragraph begins at
  the bottom of a page and then carries over to the
  next page--called a widow).
• Avoid leaving a single line at the top of a page
  (i.e., last line of a paragraph is carried over
  to the next page--called an orphan).

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QUOTING

• The only words that have quote marks around
  them are direct quotations taken from a source,
  and you must cite the source of the quote.
• There are two types of quotes
• Short quotes
• Long quotes

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SHORT QUOTES

• Short quotations - direct quotations of 1 to 39
  words should be enclosed within double quotation
  marks.

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SAMPLE SHORT QUOTE

• According to the National Institute of Health
  report, Smoking is the single worst thing people
  can do to their bodies (Nelson, 1998, p. 63).

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LONG QUOTES

• Long Quotations - direct quotations of 40 or more
  words should be displayed in a double-spaced
  block format with every line indented five spaces
  from the left margin. NO quotation marks are used.

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SAMPLE LONG QUOTE

• In Johnsons study, 76 of students polled
  indicated
• their lack of knowledge regarding research
  papers.
• Johnsons study found the following
• Students often had difficulty using APA style,
• especially when it was their first time citing
  sources. This difficulty could be attributed to
  the fact that many students failed to purchase a
  style manual or to ask their teacher for help.
  (p. 199)

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In-Text Citation Direct Quote

• If you are directly quoting from a work, you will
  need to include the author, year of publication,
  and the page number for the reference (preceded
  by "p."). Do not forget to include a reference to
  this quote in the reference list.
• a. According to Jones (1998), People who eat a
  healthy diet live on average 10 years longer than
  those who do not" (p. 199).
• b. Jones (1998) found that people who eat a
  healthy diet live on average 20 years longer than
  those who do not" (p. 199).
• c. People who eat a healthy diet live on average
  10 years longer than those who do not (Jones,
  1998, p.199).

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In-Text Citation Paraphrasing

• If you are paraphrasing an idea, you have to make
  reference to the author and year of publication.
• According to Jones (1998), smoking is one of the
  main causes of premature death.
• Smoking is one of the main causes of premature
  death (Jones, 1998).

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CITATIONS

• Citations should take place in two areas of your
  written work
• in the body of the textparenthetical or in-text
  citations
• on a separate page entitled References

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CITATIONS

• Do NOT have sources cited on your reference page
  UNLESS they are cited in the text of your paper.
  Just because you read an article does NOT mean it
  belongs in your reference section.
• Every study cited in the text of your paper MUST
  be referenced on your reference page.

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REFERENCE PAGE

• Center the title References.
• Double space the references.
• Alphabetize the list of references by the last
  name of the authors. If the work has no author or
  editor, alphabetize the work by the first word of
  the title (excluding A, An, or The).
• Use hanging indention style for the References
  page
• References are on the last page.
• Reference page is numbered just like the rest.

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• SMOKING ON CAMPUS 5
• References
• Rosen, I.M., Darnall, C.R. (2008). Reducing
  tobacco
• use in adolescents. American Family
  Physician,
• 77, 483-490. Retrieved from
  http//www.aafp.org
• Young, E. (2009, February 21). Sleep well, keep
  sane.
• New Scientist, 201(26), 34-37. Retrieved
  from
• http//www.newscientist.com

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NON-PRINT MATERIAL INTERVIEWS AND E-MAIL

• No personal communication is included in your
  reference list instead, parenthetically cite the
  communicators name, the fact that it was
  personal communication, and the date of the
  communication in your main text only.
• A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her
  students had difficulties with APA style
  (personal communication, November 3, 2002).
• The director of the writing tutoring center
  stated, We have plenty of tutors for all
  students at every hour (W. Johnson, personal
  communication, September 30, 2007).

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NON-PRINT MATERIAL VIDEO

• Spurlock, M. (Director). (2004).Super Size Me
  motion picture. New York Kathbur Pictures, Inc.

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NON-PRINT MATERIALELECTRONIC DATABASE

• Electronic Database
• Relman, D. A. Olson, M. The advantages of
  peer tutoring. Journal of Higher Education, 2,
  370-372. Retrieved January 22, 2003, from Ebsco
  Host database.

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NON-PRINT MATERIALINTERNET DOCUMENT (Not From
a Database)

• Author, A. or Title of Organization (Date of
  publication). Title of document. Retrieved month
  day, year, from http//Web address.
• FACTNet (2003). What is mind control?
• Retrieved January 22, 2003, from
• http//factnet.org/mindcont.html

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Two Authors

• When citing a study with more than two authors
• Cite the first author's last name and then et al.
  
• Year of publication
• Example (Slate et al., 1995)

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Referencing Electronic Materials

• Check websites such as
• www.citationmachine.net
• http//www.apastyle.org/elecref.html
• http//owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

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DO NOT

• Do NOT begin a sentence with a number. If you
  have to, spell the number out.
• Do NOT use contractions (thats right, dont do
  this!). Do not have any in your paper.
• Please use the spell check function of your word
  processing program prior to submitting your
  paper. NO excuse for having misspelled words.

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• The END