?Oedipus ??

1
??????????? ?Oedipus ??
2

• Oedipus the King ?????????Oedipus
  ???????????????? /????
• Queen Jocasta ???????????,??????????King Laius
  ???????,??????????????????????????????????,King
  Laius ?????????????????

3

• ????,King Oedipus ????????????????,????????????
  ?,???????????????,???King Laius?????!???????????
  ????????

4

• Oedipus the King ???????????????irony
  (????????),????,?????

5

• ???Teiresias ??????Oedipus ??,??Oedipus??????,Tei
  resias ??Oedipus??????????? (????????,Oedipus
  ???????????)?
• Queen Jocast ????Oedipus???Apollo ???,???King
  Laius ???????????????????,Oedipus????????????????
  ?????

6

• Oedipus??King Polybus of Corinth??????????(???????
  ?)????,???????,???????Pythian ??????????,???????K
  ing Polybus ???????????? / ??????

7

• ?Coninth ????Oedipus ????????????,???Oedipus
  ??King Polybus ????,???Queen Jocasta????????????,
  ???????,?????????????

8

• ??????Oedipus????????,???????????,???????
• ??,?????????????????????Oedipus the King
  ?????????????????????????,?????????????????,????

9

• 1. ??????????????
• Oedipus??????,????????
• 2. Chorus ??????,?????????,???????????Oedipus??
  ???????,???????????

10

• King Creon ??Oedipus???,??????????????????
• Oedipus??????????,??????,???????????

11

• ????,?Oedipus the King?,?????????????????????????
  ?????,??????????????????,????????????,?????????(F
  riedrich Nietzsche, 1844-1900)?????????

12

• ????,???????Oedipus the King ???????????????????
  ??Oedipus the King ?,???????? / ??,???????? /
  ???????????????(?????)??,???????????????????????
  ???,??????????????!

13

• ?????????????,????????,?????????????,?????,?????
  ..?

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• Oedipus the King and Antigone Fate /or
  Otherwise (compiled by Fred Cheung)
• Main source Powell, Classical Myth
• Oedipus the King
• Laius, made king by the Thebans, married Jocasta.
  Learning from an oracle that he would die at the
  hands of his own son, Laius avoided intercourse
  with his wife, until one night he got wildly
  drunk and had intercourse with her anyway.

15

• When Jocasta bore a son, Laius ordered that the
  child be exposed to die. He pinned together the
  childs feet with an iron pin (to keep the ghost
  from walking) and delivered the baby to a
  shepherd, with orders to leave him on the slopes
  of Mount Cithaeron near Thebes. However, the
  shepherd took pity on the child and gave him to a
  friend, a visitor from Corinth, who delivered the
  child to Polybus, king of Corinth. His childless
  wife, Merope, took the baby boy as her own,
  calling him Oedipus, which means swollen foot.

16

• When Oedipus was grown, some of his envious
  age-mates taunted him about his birth, saying he
  was adopted. Then Oedipus went to Delphi to ask
  for the truth. Instead of answering his
  question, Oedipus was told that he was going to
  kill his father and marry his mother. Oedipus
  mistakenly thought that he would kill Polybus and
  Merope, King and Queen of Corinth, the horrified
  Oedipus vowed never to return to Corinth and
  headed for Thebes. At a fork, a man in a chariot
  came from the other direction and drove Oedipus
  off the road.

17

• A wheel of the chariot grazed his foot, and the
  man King Laius, Oedipus father in the chariot
  struck Oedipus with his goad. In a rage, Oedipus
  leaped onto the chariot and killed the driver,
  his passenger, and all his retainers (including
  King Laius), except one who got away. Before
  long, Oedipus came to Thebes, a city in turmoil.

18

• The Sphinx had perched on a nearby hill and was
  devouring the Thebans one by one. Before killing
  her victims, the monster posed a riddle What
  goes on four legs in the morning, two at midday,
  and three in the evening? Only when the riddle
  was answered would the Thebans be delivered of
  the Sphinx. King Laius of Thebes had gone to
  Delphi and was killed by Oedipus to find out
  what to do about the situation. When his
  brother-in-law Creon, who ruled in his absence,
  heard that Laius had been killed by an unknown
  person, he decreed that whoever solved the riddle
  and freed the city could marry the Queen and
  become the next King. There seems to have been
  a custom in dynastic succession at the time that
  the surviving female member of the royal line
  could not rule but determined, through marriage,
  who did.

19

• In Homers Odyssey, it is clear that the suitor
  who marries Queen Penelope (wife of Odysseus)
  will reign as the next King presuming that
  Odysseus might have died as he had not returned
  for ten years. Quick-witted Oedipus soon
  answered the riddle that it was a human
  Infants crawl on all four in the morning of their
  lives, walk on two legs in their maturity, and in
  the evening of their lives, being old, they walk
  with the aid of a cane. Thus Oedipus married the
  Queen (his mother) and became the King. They had
  two sons, Polynices and Eteocles, and two
  daughters, Antigone and Ismene.

20

• Sophocles Oedipus the King, a famous
  play/tragedy, treats this shocking story in
  detail. When the play opens, a plague has fallen
  on Thebes. Oedipus, decisive in action and
  attentive to the needs of his people, learns from
  an oracle that the plague has been caused by
  miasma, pollution. In the confusion caused by
  the Sphinx, no one had taken time to find the
  murderer of King Laius and punish him, so the
  ghost of King Laius is angry and vengeful.

21

• Oedipus, anxious to find the murderer he did not
  know that he himself was the one who killed
  King Laiuis, his father and lift the plague,
  declares before the Theban people all men
  must thrust him the murderer from their homes,
  for he pollutes us all. .. I hereby call down
  curses on this killer .. This too I pray though
  he be of my house, if I learn of it, and let him
  still remain, may I receive the curse I have laid
  on others. (Sophocles, Oedipus the King,
  224-254).

22

• Thus Oedipus cursed himself, for the man he had
  killed at the crossroads was his own father, and
  the woman she had married was his mother, just as
  the oracle had foretold. The rest of Sophocles
  play is a masterful unfolding of how these
  terrible events have come to pass. Oedipus
  summons the blind seer, who at first refuses to
  speak. When Oedipus accuses him of conspiring
  with Creon, the blind seer blurts out the truth.
  Oedipus dismisses it out of hand and turns
  against Creon, suspecting him of aiming at the
  throne. But he is shaken by the close
  correspondence between the death of Laius and his
  own experience at the crossroads.

23

• Then, a messenger arrives to inform Oedipus that
  his father - King Polybus of Corinth --- has
  just died, and that he may now succeed to the
  throne of Corinth. Although grieving for
  Polybus, Oedipus is relieved at seeming proof
  that oracles are fallible --- he did not kill his
  father --- Polybus after all. Still, he
  decides not to return to Corinth for fear that he
  might somehow marry his mother. The messenger
  points out that Oedipus need not worry on that
  account for he is not the son of Polybus and
  Merope. The messenger himself had given Oedipus
  to the king to raise, having received him from a
  shepherd. Whose son, the, is he? Queen Jocasta
  realizes the truth and leaves the stage.

24

• Oedipus summons an old shepherd, the only
  survivor of the massacre at the crossroads, who
  by an extraordinary chance was he very man to
  whom Laius once delivered his infant son. Out of
  pity, the shepherd admits, he gave the child to
  the Corinthian messenger. Oedipus finally knows
  the truth and rushes into the palace. Then, a
  messenger reports that the Queen had hanged
  herself.. Oedipus returns to the stage and begs
  to be exiled. The blinding of Oedipus is not
  seen by the audience but is reported by a
  servant.

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• Observations Heroic Sufferer for Truth or Victim
  of Curiosity?
• Oedipus usually is called a hero, although he
  does not have divine parents, and we need not
  look far to uncover familiar elements His
  unusual birth is expected, as are his journey and
  his mission to save Thebes from unruly monster
  (Sphinx), etc. Yet the tenor of the story,
  focused on parricide and incest, and the
  difference between being and seeming, is very
  different from that of stories about Gilgamesh,
  Heracles, and Theseus. We saw long ago, in the
  stories Hesiod tells, how the organizers of the
  cosmos, Cronus and Zeus, overthrew their own
  fathers to establish the world, while .. here,
  in heroic legend, Oedipus kills his father but
  creates only chaos.

26

• Earlier critics saw in Oedipus a victim of fate,
  a plaything of the gods. Whatever he did to
  escape the oracles prediction only brought him
  closer to its fulfillment. But foreknowledge is
  not fate. Although Jesus predicted to Peter that
  Before the cock crows, you will deny me three
  times, Peter might have chosen otherwise. Nor
  do the Greek gods compel Oedipus to know what he
  has done. The power of the tragedy lies in the
  spectacle of a man who freely chooses to pursue
  the truth, regardless of the consequences, even
  his own ruin.

27

• Oedipus is a man of high intelligence who solved
  the riddle of the Sphinx and saved Thebes. He is
  a man of action who defended himself at the
  crossroads and slew his attacker In the eyes of
  the ancient Greeks, Oedipus might have no moral
  fault He wants to obey the will of the gods,
  and to save his people. He applies his
  intelligence and courage to discover the truth
  for the benefit of the citizens he serves. He
  freely chooses a course leading to his own
  undeserved disaster.

28

• Oedipus is a study in the contrast between being
  and appearance. He thinks he is a Corinthian,
  but he is a Theban. He is a decipherer of
  riddles, but cannot solve the riddle of his own
  life. In Thebes, he is King and judge of right
  and wrong, but he himself is the worst of
  criminals. He is a seer who is blind. He is
  Thebes savior (from the Sphinx) and its
  destroyer. The greatest of men, a wise ruler,
  and an honored king he is also the worst of men,
  worse than an animal, a despised outcast and
  object of horror.

29

• Here is the riddle What can walk on four legs,
  two legs, and three legs? Oedipus answer is a
  human. Here is another riddle How can someone
  be brother to his own children and husband to his
  mother? The answer is Oedipus. Oedipus solved
  both riddles, first saving Thebes, then
  destroying himself. He is savior, who thwarted
  the Sphinx, and destroyer, who brought the
  plague.

30

• Antigone
• Antigone was written by Sophocles in about 440
  B.C. The tragedy started with Eteocles and
  Polyneices, the two sons of Oedipus, fighting for
  the throne. Their Uncle Creon succeeded to the
  throne after the two brothers killed each other
  outside Thebes. Creon granted honored funeral to
  Eteocles while forbidding the burial of
  Polyneices. Antigone, sister of them ( daughter
  of Oedipus) tried to bury Polyneices in obedience
  to the ancient Greek custom.

31

• The theme of Antigone might be of many
  dimensions the conflict between man and woman,
  law of the polis and law of the tribal custom,
  and the fate of Antigone. Antigone died at the
  end as she insisted in burying her brother.
  Antigones lover Haemon, son of Creon, committed
  suicide after he found Antigone dead. Haemons
  mother, Creons wife, committed suicide, too.
  Some may think that Antigone was a tragic
  character, but others would think Creon was the
  real loser.
• Antigone was born under curse. Her father,
  Oedipus, finally found out that he had killed his
  father and married his mother, blinded and exiled
  himself.

32

• When Antigone told her sister Ismene that she was
  going to bury Polyneices at all costs, it was
  clear that Antigone would face death penalty by
  Thebes, ordered by King Creon, her uncle. But
  Antigone did not hesitate to express her faith
  and explained the force backing up her action
  For me, it was not Zeus who made that order.
  Nor did justice who lives with the gods below
  mark out such laws to hold among mankind. Nor
  did I think your orders were so strong that you,
  a mortal man, could over-run the gods unwritten
  and unfailing laws. (David Grene and Richard
  Lattimore, eds. Antigone. New York Washington
  Square Press, 1977, pp. 90-91). Antigone had
  faith in the custom and tradition (gods laws) of
  her tribe - the unwritten laws that were
  superior to any other human-made laws. Antigone
  was acting in accordance with the unwritten laws.

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• ????????????????,????????(Zeus)???Zeus????????S
  emele,?????????????(?????,????),?Hera ????,Semele
  ??Zeus?????,Zeus(????,??)?????,????,??Semele
  ??Zeus ?????,??????????,????????

34

• ??,Prometheus ?????,??????????Zeus ???Prometheus
  ??????????????????????????????????????,????????
  ???(??(?)?????????,??????????????????,1996?7??
  ?????????????????

35

• ????????????????????,?????,??????????????????????
  ?????????????,??,????,????,????,?????,??,????,?
  ??,?????(???????????????????????????,1991?2
  14?)

36

• ?(??)????,??????????,????,????????????,????,??,???
  ??(????????,???????????????????,1996,?147)???
  ???????????,?????????

37

• ????????????????????????????,????,????,????????
  ???????????????,?289)????????????????,????????
  ????,?????????????,??????????????????? /
  ??????????????????

38

• ?????????????????,????????,???????????????(????)?
  ??????,????????,????????????

39

• ????,????????????,???????,???????,Zeus,
  Prometheus, Heracles, Oedipus, Achilles, ?????
  /???????????????,???????????????? / ??????

40

• Fate in Greek Mythology (compiled by Fred Cheung)
• Fate (Moira)
• Fates (Moirai/Moirae Goddesses who supervised
  fate)
• Moirai (Fates) , as the name suggests, the Fates
  were goddesses who supervised fate in Greek
  mythology. The ancient Greeks referred to these
  goddesses collectively as Moirai.

41

• The poet Hesiod describes the Fates in his
  Theogony these goddesses were the daughters of
  Zeus and Themis, .. however, Hesiod also
  claims, in the same poem, that the Fates were the
  offspring of Nyx, the goddess of Night. The poet
  names the Fates as well These are Clotho,
  Lachesis, and Atropos, and they give mortals
  their share of good and evil. (Hesiod, Theogony,
  905-06).

42

• Clotho was the spinner, Lachesis was the drawer
  of lots, and Atropos represented the inevitable
  end to life. This notion that human fate was
  spun around a person at birth by divine Spinners.
  In time, the somewhat vague idea of three
  goddesses who supervised the spinning of human
  fate evolved into a more concrete concept. The
  Fates came to be identified as a trio of older
  females who handled the threads of human life.
  One of these threads was allocated to every
  person, and each goddess took her turn in
  manipulating this thread. Clotho selected the
  thread, Lachesis measured it, and Atropos cut
  this thread to signify the end of a persons
  existence.