Color Theory, Terminology,

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Color Theory, Terminology, Color Systems
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Pigment Color System

• The traditional color system
• Red, yellow, and blue are primaries
• 2-D media (painting drawing)

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What is color theory?

• Color Theory is a set of principles used to
  create harmonious color combinations. Color
  relationships can be visually represented with a
  color wheel the color spectrum wrapped onto a
  circle.

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What is a Color Wheel?
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Monochromatic Color Scheme

• The monochromatic color scheme uses variations in
  lightness and saturation of a single color. This
  scheme looks clean and elegant.
• Monochromatic colors go well together, producing
  a soothing effect. The monochromatic scheme is
  very easy on the eyes, especially with blue or
  green hues.

Artist Marc ChagallTitle Les Amants Sur Le
ToitForm of Art abstract
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Monochromatic Color Schemes
                               
                               
                               
                               
                               
FF0000    1
7E4747   2
CCA4A4    3
361F1F   4
F0E8E8   5
                               
                               
                               
                               
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Analogous Color Scheme

• The analogous color scheme uses colors that are
  adjacent to each other on the color wheel.
• One color is used as a dominant color while
  others are used to enrich the scheme.
• The analogous scheme is similar to the
  monochromatic, but offers more nuances.

Artist Vincent van GoghTitle The IrisYear
1889Form of Art realistic
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Analogous Color Scheme
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Analogous Color Scheme
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Complementary Color Scheme

• The complementary color scheme consists of two
  colors that are opposite each other on the color
  wheel.
• This scheme looks best when you place a warm
  color against a cool color, for example, red
  versus green-blue. This scheme is intrinsically
  high-contrast.

Artist Paul Cezanne Title La Montage Saint
VictoireYear 1886-88Form of Art abstract
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Complementary Color Schemes
1   FF0000                      009900   2
3 FF7575                    002800   4
5 FFFFFF                    111111   6
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Split Complementary Color Scheme

• The split complementary scheme is a variation of
  the standard complementary scheme.
• It uses a color and the two colors adjacent to
  its complementary.
• This provides high contrast without the strong
  tension of the complementary scheme.

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Split Complementary
This sample uses Yellow with the two neighbors of
its complement, Violet (Red-Violet and
Blue-Violet).
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Triadic Color Scheme

• The triadic color scheme uses three colors
  equally spaced around the color wheel.
• This scheme is popular among artists because it
  offers strong visual contrast while retaining
  harmony and color richness.
• The triadic scheme is not as contrasting as the
  complementary scheme, but it looks more balanced
  and harmonious.

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Triadic Color Scheme
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Tetradic Color Scheme

• The tetradic (double complementary) scheme is the
  most varied because it uses two complementary
  color pairs.
• This scheme is hard to harmonize if all four
  hues are used in equal amounts, the scheme may
  look unbalanced, so you should choose a color to
  be dominant or subdue the colors.

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Warm Colors

• Warm colors are vivid in nature. They are bold
  and energetic. Warm colors are those that tend to
  advance in space therefore, caution needs to be
  taken so you do not overwhelm your content with
  eye catching hues. If an element in your design
  needs to pop out, consider using warm colors to
  do that.

Artist Jan VermeeTitle Girl Asleep at a Table
Year 1657Form of Art realistic
The Fighting Temeraire by William Turner
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Warm Colors
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Cool Colors

• Cool colors are soothing in nature. They give an
  impression of calm and rarely overpower the main
  content or message of a design. Cool colors tend
  to recede therefore, if some element of your
  design needs to be in the background, give it
  cool tones.

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Cool Colors
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Neutral Colors

• Neutral colors or earth tones are not seen on
  most color wheels. Black, gray, whites are
  neutral. Browns, beiges and tans are sometimes
  neutral too. Neutral colors can be made by
  mixing
• black and white
• complementary colors
• all three primaries together (plus some black or
  white)

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Name that Color Scheme 1
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Name that Color Scheme 2
Answer 1 Analogous
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Name that Color Scheme 3
Answer 2 Triadic
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Name that Color Scheme 4
Answer 3 Complementary
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A Little History

• The first color wheel was invented by Sir Isaac
  Newton. He split white sunlight into red, orange,
  yellow, green, cyan, and blue beams then he
  joined the two ends of the color spectrum
  together to show the natural progression of
  colors. Newton associated each color with a note
  of a musical scale.

Answer 4 Neutral
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A Little History

• A century after Newton, Johann Wolfgang Goethe
  began studying psychological effect of colors. He
  noticed that blue gives a feeling of coolness and
  yellow has a warming effect. Goethe created a
  color wheel showing the psychological effect of
  each color. He divided all the colors into two
  groups the plus side (from red through orange
  to yellow) and the minus side (from green through
  violet to blue).

Colors of the plus side produce excitement and
cheerfulness. Colors of the minus side are
associated with weakness and unsettled feelings.
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2 More Color Systems

• The Subtractive System used in the 4-color print
  process the primary colors are Cyan, Yellow, and
  Magenta
• Additive Color System The 3 primary colors (Red,
  Green, Blue) add to white light

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Additive Subtractive Color Systems
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Color Systems

• Pigment Additive
  Subtractive

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Color Terms

• Hue another name for color
• Tint any color white
• Tone any color gray (or complement)
• Shade any color black
• Key color main or focal point color in a color
  scheme
• Saturation the brightness or dullness of a
  color (pure color 100 sat ? desaturated, gray
• Value the lightness or darkness of a color

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Hue

• When we call an object "red," we are referring to
  its hue. Hue is determined by the dominant
  wavelength. RED, ORANGE, YELLOW, GREEN, BLUE,
  CYAN, VIOLET (PURPLE), MAGENTA

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Value Tints and Shades (Brightness)
Add white

• The purest value of a color is its hue. A color's
  tint is a lighter value of the hue made by adding
  white a color's shade is a darker value of the
  hue made by adding black.

Add black
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Saturation (Chroma, Intensity)

• Saturation refers to purity
• 100 color 0 complement saturated
• 50 color 50 complement gray, desaturated

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Video YUV Color Space

• The YUV model defines a color space in terms of
  one luma and two chrominance components. The YUV
  color model is used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM
  composite color video standards. Previous
  black-and-white systems used only luma (Y)
  information and color information (U and V) was
  added so that a black-and-white receiver would
  still be able to display a color picture as a
  normal black and white pictures.
• YUV models human perception of color more closely
  than the standard RGB model used in computer
  graphics hardware.
• Y stands for the luma component (the brightness)
  and U and V are the chrominance (color)
  components.

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YUV

• An image along with its Y, U, and V components.

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NTSC Colors
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SMPTE Gamut