Fig. 34-3

1
Fig. 34-3
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Muscle segments
Notochord
Mouth
Anus
Pharyngeal slits or clefts
Muscular, post-anal tail
2
Fig. 34-4
Cirri
2 cm
Mouth
Pharyngeal slits
Atrium
Notochord
Digestive tract
Atriopore
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Segmental muscles
Anus
Tail
3
Fig. 34-5
Incurrent siphon to mouth
Water flow
Notochord
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Excurrent siphon
Tail
Excurrent siphon
Excurrent siphon
Atrium
Muscle segments
Incurrent siphon
Pharynx with slits
Intestine
Anus
Stomach
Intestine
Tunic
Atrium
Esophagus
Pharynx with slits
Stomach
An adult tunicate
A tunicate larva
4
Fig. 34-2
Echinodermata (sister group to chordates)
Cephalochordata (lancelets)
ANCESTRAL DEUTERO- STOME
Chordates
Urochordata (tunicates)
Notochord
Myxini (hagfishes)
Common ancestor of chordates
Craniates
Petromyzontida (lampreys)
Head
Vertebrates
Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, chimaeras)
Vertebral column
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Gnathostomes
Jaws, mineralized skeleton
Actinistia (coelacanths)
Osteichthyans
Lungs or lung derivatives
Lobe-fins
Dipnoi (lungfishes)
Lobed fins
Amphibia (frogs, salamanders)
Tetrapods
Reptilia (turtles, snakes, crocodiles, birds)
Legs
Amniotes
Amniotic egg
Mammalia (mammals)
Milk
5
Fig. 34-17
(a) Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)
(b) Clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris)
(c) Sea horse (Hippocampus       ramulosus)
(d) Fine-spotted moray eel (Gymnothorax
dovii)
6
Fig. 34-21
(a) Order Urodela
(b) Order Anura
(c) Order Apoda
7
Fig. 34-27
(a) Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)
(b) Australian thorny devil lizard (Moloch
horridus)
(c) Waglers pit viper (Tropidolaemus
wagleri)
(d) Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina
carolina)
(e) American alligator (Alligator
mississippiensis)
8
Fig. 34-30
(a) Emu
(b) Mallards
(c) Laysan albatrosses
(d) Barn swallows
9
Fig. 34-35b
10
Fig. 34-39
(a) Gibbon
(b) Orangutan
(c) Gorilla
(d) Chimpanzees
(e) Bonobos