Oceans comprise _____ % of the earths surface

1

• Oceans comprise _____ of the earths surface
• The largest and deepest ocean is the?
• Photosynthesis is _____ efficient
• Self feeding
• Heterotrophic means?
• Primary productivity is a measure of?

71
Pacific Ocean
1 2
Autotrophic or photosynthetic
Feeding on other organisms
Rate of photosynthesis
2
Energy

• Potential versus kinetic energy
• Calorie
• Lipids are _____ Cal per gram
• Proteins are ____ Cal per gram
• Carbohydrates are ____ Cal per gram

The amount of heat required to raise 1 liter of
water 1 degree centigrade
9
4
4
3
Organic Chemistry
disaccharide

• Sucrose is a _________ which means it is composed
  of two monosaccharides.
• Sucrose glucose _____
• The functions of fats are
• Proteins are composed of?

fructose
Buoyancy, insulation, long term energy storage,
repel water
Amino acids
4
The Cell

• Place where DNA is found?
• Site of aerobic energy production?
• Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells?
• Site of photosynthesis?
• Contains chlorophyll?
• Contain chromosomes?
• A measure of the amount of photosynthesis?

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cellulose cell wall
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Primary production
5
Physical Features of the Ocean

• Currents is the Northern Hemisphere rotate in
  what direction?
• The rotation of currents is due to the _____
  effect created as the earth rotates to the
  ________

Clockwise
coriolis
east
6
Potential Versus Kinetic Energy

• Potential Energy
• Energy of ______

• Kinetic Energy
• Energy of ________

position
motion
Which represents chemical bond energy or
enery stored in chemical bonds?
Potential Energy
7
Water or H2O

• The weak attraction between polar molecules is
  called a?

Hydrogen bond
8
Phases of Water
A
C
B
Which picture represents ice?
Picture A
9
Factors That Effect Density

• As temperature increases, density _________
• As salinity increases, density __________

decreases
increases
10
The Thermocline

• A zone of rapidly changing ___________

temperature
11
Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides
• Blood Sugar ___________
• Fruit Sugar ___________
• Disaccharides
• Table Sugar _______ Glucose __________
• Polysaccharides
• Starch Storage form of glucose in __________
• Glycogen Storage form of glucose in ________
• Cellulose ___________________
• Chitin Structural - invertebrate skeletons

Glucose
Fructose
Sucrose
fructose
plants
animals
What plant cell walls are made of
12
Proteins

• Composed of ___________
• Contains the element __________
• Source of nitrogenous wastes
• Most fish
• Sharks, frogs, humans
• Reptiles and birds

Amino acids
Nitrogen
Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
13
Enzymes

• Enzymes are specialized proteins that
  __________________

Increase the rates of chemical reactions
14
Photosynthesis

• 6CO2 6H2O E C6H12O6 6O2
• What is the energy source that drives P/S?
• What is the primary photosynthetic pigment?
• A measure of the amount of photosynthesis is
  called?

The sun or solar energy
Chlorophyll
Primary production
15
Elodea A Plant Cell
What are these green things?
Chloroplasts
16
Cellular Respiration

• C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP
• Eat Breathe Exhale Energy
• ATP
• Energy in a form the cell can use
• Cellular Gasoline
• Where in the cell does most ATP production occur?

The mitochondria
17
Autotrophs Versus Heterotrophs

• Autotrophs
• __________
• __________

• Heterotrophs
• __________
• __________

Self feeding/photosynthetic
Feed on other organisms
Animals
Plants and algae
18
Pyramid of Biomass
Carnivores _______ Pounds
1,000
10 Efficient
10
Herbivores ________ Pounds
The Sun
10,000
10 Efficient
Plants 100,000 Pounds Light E Food E
1 2 Efficient
10
1-2
19
Prokaryotic versus Eukaryotic Cells

• Prokaryotic
• __________
• __________

• Eukaryotic
• __________
• __________

Lack a nucleus
Have a nucleus
Bacteria and cyanobacteria
Typical plant and animal cells
20
Prokaryotic VS Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryotic White Blood Cell
Pseudopod or false foot created by
cytoplasmic streaming
Prokaryotic Bacterial Cell
21
Plant Cells Versus Animal Cells
1
Nucleus
3
2
Cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
22
Plant Cells Versus Animal Cells
3
Cell wall
Nucleus
1
4
2
Chloroplast
Mitochondrion
5
Vacuole
23
A Plant Cell
1.
Cell membrane
2.
3.
Cell wall
Vacuole
24
Mitochondrion

• Site of?
• Most of the ATP in cellular respiration is made
  here

Cellular respiration or aerobic energy production
C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O ATP
1
2
Food and O2
Water, CO2, and ATP
25
Choloroplasts The Site Of?
Photosynthesis
2
1
Carbon dioxide and water
Glucose and oxygen
26
Cilia
Flagellum on sperm cell
1
2
27
Cell Secretion is called?
Exocytosis
28
Cell Eating is called?
Phagocytosis
29
Diffusion

• The movement of __________ from a region of
  ______concentration to a region of
  ______concentration
• The driving force for diffusion is Brownian
  movement
• Diffusion stops at ____________

any substance
high
low
equilibrium
30
Osmosis

• The movement of _____ from a region of high
  ______ concentration to a region of low _____
  concentration through a ____________________.

water
water
water
Selectively permeable membrane
31
Practice

• Solution A
• What is the
• percentage
• of
• Solute?
• Solvent?

A is ____________ to B B is ____________ to A
hyposmotic
10
90
hyperosmotic
32
Osmoregulation In Marine Fish
The fish is ____________ to the sea water
hyposmotic
0.9 Salt
3.5 Salt
33
Osmoregulation In Freshwater Fish
The fish is _______________ to the water
hyperosmotic
0.2 Salt
0.9 Salt
34
Modes of Heat Loss and Heat Gain

• Radiation
• Heat moving from a region of ________ to ________
• Conduction
• Heat loss or gain from _______________
• Convection
• Heat loss or gain due to water or _____ currents
• The still layer of air or water around any object
  is called the ____________
• Evaporation The most effective mode of heat
  loss for terrestrial animals

high temp
low temp
contact
wind
boundary layer
35
Ectothermic Versus Endothermic

• Mostly Poikilothermic
• _____ Metabolic Rate
• The primary source of body temperature is the
  __________

• Mostly Homeothermic
• ____ Metabolic Rate
• The primary source of body temperature is
  ____________

High
Low
metabolism
the environment