4.3 Multicellular Organization

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4.3 Multicellular Organization

• Unicellular
• One cell carries out everything.
• Multicellular
• Cells are differentiated to perform
  specific functions.

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Cells make up Tissues that make up Organs that
make up Organ Systems that make up Complete
Organisms.
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Cells

• The basic unit of life.

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Tissues

• A group of similar cells which carry out a common
  function.

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Organ

• Several types of body tissues that together form
  a function. Examples are stomach, lungs, heart.

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Organ System

• A group of organs that interact to perform a set
  of related tasks. Examples of organ systems are
  digestive, respiratory, reproductive, endocrine,
  immune, urinary.

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Organ System

• The digestive system is made up of the following
  organs mouth, esophagus, stomach, large
  intestines, small intestines, pancreas, gall
  bladder.

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Organism

• Living things.

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Specialized Tissues (MENC)

• Muscle
• contraction
• Epithelial
• surface covering
• Nervous
• transmits messages
• Connective
• support and link together

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Specialized Tissues

• Example of specialized tissues.
• Take cells that make up the stomach.
• muscle tissue causes movement.
• epithelial tissue secretes enzymes.
• nervous tissue transmits messages back and
  forth from stomach to brain.
• connective tissue holds stomach together.

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Plants have Tissues and Organs

• Vascular tissue transports water and nutrients
  from leaves to roots and from roots to leaves.
• Organs are roots, stems, leaves.

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Prokaryotes

• First cells on Earth.
•  Evidenced by fossils
• Did not produce own food.
• Depend on nutrients in environment.
• Through evolution, these cells started to
  compete for the environment and cells with
  adaptations evolved. These were eukaryotes.

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Colonial Organisms

• A collection of genetically identical
  cells that live together in a closely connected
  group and each cell group has its own function.
• The green alga known as volvox is the
  evolutionary link between unicellular organisms
  and multicellular organisms. It still lacks
  tissues and organs.