Process Intro

1
????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? (Software Process
Improvement Case)
2002? 6? 1? ? ? ? ?? ???????
2
? ?

1. Software Process Maturity An Introduction
   ----------------------------------------------3
2. Software Process Improvement ---------------------
   -----18
3. CASE STUDY ---------------------------------------
   ------36

3
Software Process Maturity An Introduction
4
S/W ??? ???
Computer Channal Inc., 1993
Standish Group 1994, 8,380 Proj.

• 15? ?????? ?? ???? ???.
• ????? ?????? 50 ??? ??
• ??
• ??? ?? 100 ?? ????? ??
• ??.

• ??, ??, ??? ??? ????
• ??? 16.2? ???.
• ??? ?? ????? ??? ??
• 6? ???.

?? ???
?? ??
?? ??
????? ??
??? ??
?? ??
?? ?? ?? ?? ??
5
H/W ?? ????

• ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???.
• ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????
  ???, ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????
  ???? ?.

?? Schulmeyer, Zero Defect Software
6
S/W ??? ??? ?????

• S/W ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???.
• S/W ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???.
  
  - Watts Humphrey

?? ???
?? ???
????? ????
????
P Q (??)
7
S/W ???? ??

• ???? - ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? (IEEE)
• S/W ???? - ???? S/W ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??
  ???? ??? ??, ??, ?? ? ??(CMM)

8
???? ????

• ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ?.(??,
  ??, ?? ?)
• ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????
  ????, ????, ????, ??? ? ??? ?

Procedures And Methods
People
?? ???
????
Process
P Q
Tools and Equipments
9
???? ???? ??
?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??
????(followed) ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????.
????(enforced) ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.
??????(monitored) ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.
????(trained) ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????, ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???.
????(measured) ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ??.
????(owned) ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ? ??.
???? ?? ???? ????(visibly supported by management) ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??.
?? ????? ???? ??? ????(Staff incentives are aligned with process goals) ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.
? ??? ??????? ???? ????(New staff are properly trained in the process) ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??.
??? ???? ???? ??? ????, ????, ???(Staff feedback is encouraged and analysed and leads to process improvement) ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??, ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????
????? ??? ?? ???? ????(The process is adequately supported by technology) ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????
10
????? ???? ??
(ISO/IEC 15504 Part 1)
???? ??
(ISO/IEC 15504 Part 9)
11
????? ???? ??
12
???? ???? ??
???? ????
????? ??? ???
???? ??
???? ????
???? ???
???? ??
???? ??? ??? ???
???? ???? ??? ???
?? ?? ??? ???
??? ?? ????
???? ???? ??
13
???? ???(Process Maturity)

• ?? ????? ????? ????, ????, ????, ????,
• ???? ??.
• ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????
• ????? ???? ??? ???.

• ??? ? ?? ???? ???
• ????? ??? ? ??.
• - ??? ???? ??? ???
• ???? ? ??.

???? ??
???? ??
14
???? ??? ??? ??
??
???? ??
???? ??
5
???
???? ??? ????
4
??? ????? ????? ???
???
S/W ?????? ?? ????? ??(???)?? ???
3
???
???? ??? ?? ???, ??? ????
2
??
1
??
????? ?????? ??? ? ??
15
???? ?? ??? Benefits
Level
Outcome
16
Characteristics of an Immature Organization
Software Processes Improvised
Existing Software Processes Not Enforced
Managers are Reactionary
Reviews and Testing Often Shortchanged
Product Quality Difficult to Predict
17
Characteristics of a Mature Organization
Defined, Mandated Practices
Estimating Systems
Software Policies
Schedules and Budgets Based on Historical
Performance
Activities Follow Processes
Communicated to Employees
Managers Monitor Customer Satisfaction
Managers Enforce Policies and Processes
Managers Monitor Product Quality and Status
Customer Satisfaction Surveys
Status Reports
SQA
18
Software Process Improvement
ABI
19
???? ??? ???

• ???? ??? ????
• ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??.
• ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?.
• ??? ??? ??? ??, incentive? ??? ?.
• ??? ???? ?????.
• ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????, ???? ??.

20
??? VisionGoal Strategy? ??
Business
Software
SPI
Vision
Vision
Vision
Support
Support
Strategy
Strategy
Strategy
Technical Plans
Technical Plans
Technical Plans
21
???? ???? ?? ??
22
??(Management) ????

• ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????,
• ????? ?? ??? ???.
• ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????, ????, ????, ??
  ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??
• ???? ??? ?? ?? ??
• ???? ??? ?? ??
• ???? ??? ??
• ???? ?? ??? ??

23
???? ??? ?? ?? ??

• ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ?
• ??? ?? ??? ??
• ?? ???(senior management)
• ???? ?? ???? ??(process improvement program)
• ???? ?? ???? ??(process improvement project)
• ???? ???(process owner)
• ?? ??(organizational unit)
• ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??

24
???? ??? ?? ?? ??
?? ???
????? PIT 4
????? PIT 4
????? PIT 4
????? PIT 4
????? (EIT)
???? ??? ?? ?? ??
??? ?? ??
??? ??, ????, ?????, ???
???
?? ??? ???
(SEPG) ????? ???? ????? ??
???? 4
???? 3
???? 2
???? 1
???
???
???
???
25
?? IDEAL ??? ???? ?? ?? ??
26
???? ??? ?? ???

• ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ??
• ?? ? ?? ???
• ?? ? ?? ???
• ???? ???? ??
• ???? ???? ?? RR
• ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? RR
• ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??
• ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????
• ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??

27
???? ??? ?? ???
28
???/??? ???
29
??? ???
30
???? ???? ??? ??
?? ??
???? ??
?? ??
?? ??
???? ????
???
????/? ??
????/? ?? ????
???
?? ??
??? ????? ????
??
31
???? ??? ??

• ???? ?? Framework

??? ??
??
????? ???? ??
??
Metrics
??
??? ??
??? ??
?? ??
???
? ?? ??
??
???
??? ??
???
??? ?
?? ??
32
???? ??? ??? ?? ??

• Top 10 Reasons Why SPI Fails(2)
• 
  - Herb KrasnerAustin Professional SPI
  coach
• Can't agree on the nature and severity of the
  problems.
• Don't know enough about the basics(TQM,SPI,softwar
  e engineering).
• No long-term committed leadership.
• Bad attitudes(fear of change, NIH,software cowboy
  culture).
• Not skilled in cultural change.
• No clear vision of the desired results.
• No concrete action plan(Ready! Fire! Aim!).
• No quantitative feedback on progress.
• SPICE/CMM applied incorrectly.
• Too many organizational learning disabilities.

33
?? ???? ?? Guidance - SPICE SPI
??? ????? ???? ??
- ??? ?? - ???? ?? ??
1. ??? ?? ??
??? ?? ??
??? ???
7. ?? ??? ??
8. ?? ????
6. ?? ??
??? ?? ?? ??
?? ??
???? ?? ??
??? ?? ??
??? ??
?? ???? ?? ??????
2. ???? ?? ??
??? ?? ??
5.?? ?? ??
?? ??
4. ?? ?? ? ???? ??
3. ???? ?? ??? ??
?? ??
???? ?? ???? ??
- ?? ???? - BP ?? MP
??? ?? ??
?? ?? ????
34
?? ???? ?? Guidance - IDEAL Model
Learning
Acting
??? ????? ??
????? ??? ??
??? ???? ???
??? ?? ? ??
?? ??, ??,??
???? ?? ? ??
??? ?? ?? ?? ??
??? ?? ??
?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??
???? ??
Initiating
?? ???? ??
??? ???? ??
?? ?? ??
Establishing
Diagnosing
35
?? ???? ?? Guidance - PDCA
ACT
PLAN
1 ?? ?? ?? ?? 2 ?? SPI ?? ?? 3 ?? SPI ?? ??
?? 4 ?? ??? ?? ??
10 ?? ????? ?? ????? ??
5 ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ?.?? ?? 6 ?? ??
?? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? 7 ?? ??? ??
9 ?? SPI ?? ?? 8 ?? ??, ???, ?? ??
CHECK
DO
36
SPI CASE STUDY
ABI
37
SPI CASE STUDY
? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ????.
38
Q A