Unit 10-Human Body

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Unit 10-Human Body

• Chapter 36
• Skeletal, Muscular Integumentary System

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Functions of the Skeleton

• Support
• Protect
• Attach muscles
• Store minerals
• Produce blood cells

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206 Bones
Axial skeleton includes skull, ribs vertebra
Appendicular includes bones of arms, legs
and girdles
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Joints

• point where 2 bones meet
• Immovable
• Slightly movable
• Freely movable
• Ball socket
• Hinge
• Pivot
• Saddle

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Muscular System
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Muscle types

• Cardiac
• located only in heart
• Involuntary movement
• Striated, uni-nuclear, branched

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Muscle types

• Skeletal
• Attached to bones
• Ex pectoralis major
• Voluntary movement
• Striated, multinuclear, extremely long

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Muscle types

• Smooth
• Make up hollow organs
• Ex stomach, iris
• Involuntary movement
• Not striated, uninuclear, spindle-shaped

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Muscle Vocabulary

• Ligaments attach bone to bone
• Tendons attach muscle to bone or another muscle
• Flexion movement that bends joints (ex biceps)
• Extension movement that straightens joints (ex
  triceps)

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• Muscle fibers (cells) are composed of
  myofibrilsMyofibrils are made up of small
  filaments
• Thick filaments are called myosin and thin
  filaments are called actin
• A muscle contracts when the thin filaments slide
  over the thick filaments

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Integumentary system

• Functions
• Protect
• Receive stimuli
• Regulate temperature
• Produce vitamin D

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Layers of skin

• Epidermis
• thin dead layer for waterproofing
• Dermis
• thick layer containing vessels, nerves, muscle,
  glands, and hair follicles
• Hypodermis (subcutaneous)
• contains mostly fat for insulation

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